Genetics Molecular

Molecular genetics

Molecular genetics is a branch of genetics that studies the hereditary determination of biological functions at the molecular level.

The main objects of study in molecular genetics are nucleic acid molecules - DNA and RNA, as well as proteins. Molecular genetics studies the processes of replication, transcription, translation and regulation of gene activity at the molecular level.

The key questions that molecular genetics studies are:

1. Structure and functions of nucleic acids.

2. Mechanisms of DNA replication.

3. Processes of transcription and translation, synthesis of RNA and proteins.

4. Regulation of gene expression at the level of transcription and translation.

5. Interaction of nucleic acids and proteins.

6. Mutations and mutagenesis at the molecular level.

7. Molecular mechanisms of recombination.

8. Molecular organization of genetic material.

Thus, molecular genetics allows us to better understand the processes of heredity and variability at the molecular level. Advances in this area are of fundamental importance for the development of genetics, molecular biology, biotechnology and medicine.

Genetic molecular, or molecular genetics, is a branch of G that studies the hereditary differentiation of biochemical processes at the molecular level.

Heredity examines the unique characteristics of an organism and their transmission from parents to their offspring. The characteristic morphological and physiological characteristics of the species and its resistance to diseases depend on it. Each type of inherited trait is described in the form of a specific gene and is determined by the corresponding alleles. At the same time, the genotypic similarity between representatives of a particular species is preserved. The genome determines the essence of the phenotype as the result of interactions between certain factors. Among such factors, the main role is played by cell mutations, which create differences in the development of tissue or structural formations. The main tasks of molecular genetics are to study the hereditary determination of biological foundations at the level of cellular and tissue structures. To do this, it is necessary to obtain information about the characteristics of chromatin and their transformation in certain types of cells and in different organisms.

Currently, special attention is paid to genes with large regulatory blocks, as well as areas of expression of small RNAs as effective regulators of the transcription of key cell genes in the early stages of development. In these conditions, molecular genetic analysis is an important part of the development of major therapeutic drugs, including gene therapy.