Glioma [Glioma; Gly(O)- + -Om]

Glioma or glinoma is a malignant neoplasm in the brain. It can occur for various reasons, including heredity, alcoholism, smoking and other negative factors. Hemogloum grows imperceptibly, which means it is detected in the last stages of its development.

**Gliomas** are tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) that arise from cells in the meninges known as glial cells. These cells perform an important function in supporting nerve cells and brain functions. However, due to certain reasons, such as genetic mutations or exposure to radiation, glial cells can begin to divide uncontrollably, leading to the formation of brain cancer. In this article we will look at the different types of glimas and how to treat them.

1. Astrocytoma Astrocytoma is the most common type of CNS tumor, accounting for about 75% of all CNS cancers. Glioma formed by these cells is usually localized in the cerebral hemispheres or along the midbrain. Astrocytes typically work together with neurons to create a “network” around the neuronal processes, thereby supporting the neuronal processes from various damage. In astrocytoma, astrocytes continue this function but create an excessive network that puts pressure on other brain structures such as blood vessels and nerves. This can lead to delayed brain growth in children, problems with the optic nerve and speech, as well as seizures and other symptoms. Rupture of the tumor can sometimes lead to bleeding. Treatment depends on the location of the astrocytoma. Sometimes removing a tumor can help prevent new tumors from appearing. It may be necessary to expose the area of ​​the brain to radiation using X-rays to kill cells that remain after surgery. In addition, radiation and chemotherapy may be prescribed. Chemotherapy is used to kill normal cells in the brain and prevent the tumor from spreading.

2. Oligodendroglioma Oligodendroglioma is another type of glyma that forms a tumor of the central nervous system. There are typically two types of glial cells in the brain - astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Oligdogdendrocytes are so called because they produce many neurotransmitters. They are located deep in the brain tissue and are responsible for memory function and stress response. In this type of astrocytoma, the tumor cells form a flat, round shape that protrudes into the spinal cord and around blood vessels. Most treatment is surgical removal, although medications used to treat astrocyte glioma may be used.