Gonococcus (Gonococcus, plural Gonococct)

Gonorrhea is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae and transmitted sexually. This microorganism is also known as gonococcus.

Gonococci are bacteria that can cause various diseases in humans and animals. They can live in the human body and cause infection in the genitourinary system.

In 1879, the English physician Joseph Lister first described the symptoms of gonorrhea. In the 1970s, an antibiotic was discovered that proved effective in treating this disease.

In the 19th century, the famous scientist and physician Karl Reinhold proposed the theory of infectious diseases and applied it to gonorrhea.

Gonorrhea (synonymous with gonococcal infection) is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the world. It is an infection caused by pathogenic bacteria called Neisseria gonorrhea, also known as gonococcus or gonococcus. It affects gonorrhea primarily in women, but can affect men and children. In the United States, more than 250,000 people become infected with gonorrhea every year. 3 out of 4 patients with chlamydia (a sexually transmitted infection) also have gonorrhea. Women are much more likely to become victims of gonorrhea. 50% of all people infected with gonorrhea are men aged 18 to 29 years. However, more than half of all infections occur among adolescents.

This disease is transmitted primarily through sexual contact, although other modes of transmission, such as swaddling and touching contaminated surfaces, are possible. Infection can occur during sexual intercourse, sharing baths, or sharing towels. Adult women are infected by only 6% of men, while in the age group 15-19 years the proportion of men infected by women of this age is 80%. Among adolescents aged 15 years and older, all males are nine times more infected by women than women by men: this is due to the style of sexual life.

Gonorrhea is an infectious disease that is sexually transmitted and is characterized by damage to the mucous membranes of the genitourinary organs. The causative agent of gonorrhea is a specific microorganism - gonococcus, belonging to the Neisseriaceae family. Often there is an asymptomatic course of the disease, the causative agent of which is not naturally released into the external environment. Such isolation is only possible through the artificial collection of biological samples.

In most cases, infection occurs through sexual contact, less often - due to non-compliance with hygiene rules (through shared towels, washcloths). However, infection is also possible through household means, through skin care products, manicure accessories, etc. Each case of infection requires a thorough investigation. If the pathogen was isolated from the genital or urinary organs, this confirms the route of transmission of the infection.

Contact with the mucous membranes of live gonococci does not cause any symptoms in the patient - they can remain dormant and become active under certain circumstances. Symptoms of gonorrhea can appear later - from 3 to 21 days after infection - which makes early diagnosis very difficult. The gonorrheal bacillus is characterized by selective localization in the lower urinary tract, as a result of which it is believed that the urethral form of this infectious lesion is most common. It happens that gonorrhea can also affect the rectum. In the first case, there is a slight increase in urination, as well as low-grade fever and mucous discharge from the urethra. Other symptoms characteristic of gonorrhea are also observed: itching, burning, pain during urination and disturbance of its rhythm. The second form of gonorrhea is accompanied by painful pain when going to the toilet, and a rectal examination reveals catarrhal changes in the rectum. Sometimes there are signs of intoxication of the body (headache, weakness, malaise, nausea) and loss of appetite. Gonococcal infection can also lead to complications, including epididymitis, cystitis, prostatitis, pelvioperitonitis, etc., and in men also inflammation of the seminal vesicles and testicles. There are frequent cases of disorders of the genitourinary system in pregnant women, which are associated with suppression of the immune system due to hormonal changes.

Diagnosis of gonorrhea includes a combination of various methods: examination, history taking, blood and urine tests, bacteriological analysis of discharge from the urethra. It is also necessary to carry out differential diagnosis with syphilis and candidiasis. Analysis of accompanying symptoms is also important. When determining gonorrhea, treatment with antimicrobial drugs may be required: one of the most popular is penicillin, which can be prescribed orally, parenterally or intravaginally. In addition to penicillins, cephalosporins, quinolones, macrolides and tetracyclines can also be used, but they have a limited spectrum of action, unlike penicillin, and for the most effective treatment it is advisable to combine antibiotics and antihistamines. Treatment is carried out simultaneously for both men and women

Gonorrhea and gonococcal infection *Gonococcal infection* is a bacterial infectious disease caused by gonococci. It develops as a result of the entry of pathogenic microorganisms from the external environment into the human genitourinary system. The disease has many forms, from acute to