Granulocyte

Granulocyte: features and classification

Granulocytes, also known as granular leukocytes, are one of three main types of white blood cells that perform important functions in the body's immune system. Granulocytes get their name from the presence of granules in the cytoplasm that contain various enzymes and proteins necessary to fight infection and repair damaged tissue.

Granulocytes can be classified into three main types: neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils. Each type of granulocyte has its own unique set of functions and characteristics.

Neutrophils are the most common type of granulocyte, making up about 60-70% of all white blood cells in the blood. They get their name from the fact that they do not react to either acidic or alkaline dyes. Neutrophils play an important role in fighting infection by engulfing and destroying bacteria, viruses and fungi. They are also involved in cleansing tissues of damaged cells and toxins.

Eosinophils are a type of granulocyte that stains with a red dye. They make up about 1-3% of all white blood cells in the blood and are usually found in tissues rather than in the blood. Eosinophils play an important role in the fight against parasitic infections and allergic reactions. They are also involved in tissue remodeling and wound healing.

Basophils are the least common type of granulocyte, making up less than 1% of all white blood cells in the blood. They are stained with red dye and play an important role in allergic reactions. Basophils release histamine and other substances that cause vasoconstriction and increased permeability of the vascular wall. This can lead to the development of allergic reactions such as asthma and anaphylaxis.

Granulocytes are important cells in the human immune system and play a vital role in fighting infection and repairing damaged tissue. Each type of granulocyte has its own characteristics and functions that allow them to perform their unique tasks in fighting disease.

Granulocytes are a type of white blood cell that play an important role in protecting the body from infections and other diseases. They are granular leukocytes, in which granules in the cytoplasm are observed when stained with Romanovsky dyes. These granules can be stained in different colors, allowing granulocytes to be classified into neutrophils (red-purple), eosinophils (green-blue) and basophils (yellow-orange).

Neutrophils are the most abundant granulocytes and play a key role in the fight against bacteria and other infectious agents. Eosinophils are responsible for fighting allergic reactions and parasites, while basophils are involved in inflammatory processes and allergic reactions.

Granulocytes are also important for maintaining the body's immune system. They can produce different types of antibodies that help fight infections and other pathogens. In addition, granulocytes are involved in regulating the levels of hormones and other substances in the body.

However, like other types of white blood cells, granulocytes can become damaged or infected in various diseases. This can lead to a decrease in their amount in the blood and a decrease in their activity. In such cases, additional treatment may be required to restore the balance of the immune system and protect the body from infections.

Hematocrit increases to 55-59%, ESR does not change. Low concentrations of whole blood in the analysis cause an increase in all indices: hematocrit, leukocytes and the degree of their shift, acceleration of total protein, total protein fractions; an increase in MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume), hemoglobin level and hematocrit width.

*Classification of changes in the general blood test depending on the erythrocyte sedimentation rate:* 1. Pathologically fast erythrocyte sedimentation rate in plasma is characterized by an increase in ESR of more than 20 mm/h and occurs mainly in tuberculosis, rheumatic and other pathological cases. 2. Slowly settling blood, in which red blood cells do not crumble at all, is characteristic of diseases that are caused by a significant disturbance of fat and protein metabolism in the patient’s body, as well as infection.