Granulocyte [Granulocytus, Lnh; Granulo- + (Leuko)Cyt; Son. Granular leukocyte]

Granulocyte: what is it and what is its role in the body

A granulocyte is a type of leukocyte, or white blood cell, that performs important functions in the body's immune system. When granulocytes are stained, granularity is revealed in their cytoplasm, which gives them their name.

There are three types of granulocytes in the human body: neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils. Each of these types plays a unique role in fighting infections and other external influences on the body.

Neutrophils are the most common granulocytes, accounting for up to 70% of all leukocytes in the blood. They are able to destroy bacteria and fungi by absorbing them and breaking them down into components. Neutrophils are also involved in the regulation of inflammatory processes and the restoration of damaged tissues.

Eosinophils are responsible for protecting the body from parasites and allergic reactions. They absorb and destroy parasites and release substances that are involved in allergic reactions and tissue healing.

Basophils - play a key role in allergic reactions and immune regulation. They release histamine, which causes smooth muscle spasms and dilation of capillaries. This can lead to allergic symptoms such as itching, redness and swelling.

In addition, granulocytes can synthesize and release various biologically active substances into the blood, such as proteases, lysophyme, interleukins and others. These substances can affect the functions of other cells of the immune system, enhancing or suppressing their activity.

It is important to note that the presence of granulocytes in the blood may indicate the presence of infection, inflammatory processes, allergic reactions and other diseases in the body. A granulocyte blood test may be useful in diagnosing and monitoring these conditions.

Thus, granulocytes play an important role in protecting the body from various external influences and are an integral part of the immune system. Studying their functions and properties helps to understand the body’s defense mechanisms and develop new methods for treating diseases.