Hand

Hand: Anatomy, Functions and Problems

The hand is an extremely important segment of the human upper limb, which plays an important role in daily life. The hand consists of eight carpal bones, five metacarpal bones and phalanges of the fingers, surrounded by soft tissue. It provides a person with the ability to perform many actions, such as grabbing, lifting, holding and much more.

Anatomy of the hand

The carpal bones, or carpal bones, form two rows of four bones in each row. Each bone has its own name: lunate, triquetrum, semicircular, pyriform, tibia, fibula, quadrate and trapezoid. The metacarpal bones, or metacarpal bones, connect the wrist to the fingers and have their own names: I, II, III, IV and V metacarpal bones. The phalanges of the fingers, or distal phalanges, connect to the metacarpal bones and have their own numbers: I, II and III phalanges.

Functions of the hand

The hand performs many functions, such as grasping, holding and lifting objects of various shapes and sizes. It also plays an important role in various movements such as rotation, flexion and extension of the fingers. In addition, the hand provides a person with the ability to perform many subtle and precise movements, such as writing, drawing, playing musical instruments, and many other actions.

Hand problems

As already mentioned, the hand is the most common place for injuries and various infections. Some of the most common problems associated with the hand include dislocations, fractures, sprains, carpal tunnel syndrome, arthritis and tenosynovitis. Most of these problems can be related to work activities, especially if they involve repetitive hand movements.

In conclusion, the hand plays an important role in a person's daily life, providing the ability to perform many activities. However, since the hand is the most vulnerable place for injury and infection, it is important to take precautions to avoid unwanted consequences and maintain the health of the hand.

_The hand_ is a part of the body, the distal (farthest from the body) area of ​​the upper limb, formed by five fingers and eight tubular bones consisting of the wrist bones. Based on the structure of the hand, it is easy to distinguish the hands of one person (individual structure) from the hands of another. But the structure of the same hand bone may differ between two people.

The hand is the distal section of the upper limb, involved in active and passive movements and formed from eight wrist bones (carpus), five metacarpal bones (metacarpus) and 24 phalanges of the fingers (phalanges digitum manuum). Both hands are not symmetrical, which is due to the characteristics of the functional load. Local bone formations represent three rows of ossification points. As a result of the first, eight tubular hands are formed, the second - five pairs of metacarpal bones, and the third - phalanges. The wrist (from the Latin carpo - to connect, bind) consists of eight short spongy bones. On the lateral side of the hand there are the carpal-radial and lunar-lunate ligaments (lig. radiocapitaneum et lig. lunocapitium), interosseous muscles (then pass to the heel bones). The interosseous spaces are fixed by interosseous ligaments (ligg. interossea dorsalia). The metacarpal bones are designated by Roman numerals I - V depending on their sequential arrangement. Each five-fingered hand has five metacarpal bones. The phalanges of the fingers are designated by Arabic numerals 1 - 5 in accordance with the counts of the phalanges. Each phalanx has a proximal (nail) (palma), middle and distal parts (posterior).