Chromatography

Chromatography is a method of separating and analyzing mixtures of substances by adsorption on solid or liquid media. This method is widely used in chemistry, biology, medicine and other sciences to separate and determine the components of complex mixtures.

Chromatography is based on the principle of separating the components of a mixture based on their differences in adsorption capacity and/or solubility. The carrier used in chromatography can be solid (eg paper, silica gel, carbon) or liquid (eg water, organic solvents). The components of the mixture that are adsorbed on the support can then be separated and determined using various methods such as spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, fluorescence, etc.

One type of chromatography is gas chromatography, which is used to analyze gas mixtures. In this method, the components of a mixture are adsorbed onto a solid support and then separated using gas chromatography.

Another type of chromatography is liquid chromatography (LC), which is used to analyze complex liquid mixtures. In this technique, the components of a mixture are separated based on their differences in the rate and extent of adsorption in the liquid phase.

Another type of chromatography is thin layer chromatography (TLC), which is used to separate and detect organic compounds. In TLC, the components of a mixture are applied to a layer of paper, after which they are separated and determined by color or color intensity.

In addition, there is paper chromatography, which is a simple and accessible method for analyzing mixtures. In it, the components of the mixture are distributed on paper, after which they are analyzed visually or using various detectors.

Thus, chromatography is a powerful method for separating and analyzing the components of complex mixtures, which is widely used in various scientific and practical fields.

Chromatography is a method of separating and determining mixtures based on the varying ability of substances to move in a system of solutions, gases or solids by absorption, separation or application to an adsorbent. This method is widely used in chemistry, biology, pharmacology, ecology and other fields for the analysis of various substances, including proteins, DNA, lipids, enzymes, drugs, toxins and other components of biological systems.

The chromatography process involves applying a sample to a pre-prepared support called a chromatography column. The column is then placed in a system of solvents or gases and as the substance moves along the column, it is retained or separated into different fractions, which are identified by retention time or partition coefficient between the phases of the system. After passing through the column, the resulting product can be examined using special methods to determine its composition and purity.

Chromatography has a high degree of separation and sensitivity, allowing the analysis of very small quantities of a substance. It is more sensitive and accurate than other analytical methods such as spectroscopy, polarimetry or mass spectrometry. In addition, this technology is relatively cheap and allows analysis of large quantities of samples. These advantages make chromatography useful for solving various problems in scientific and industrial fields.