Intervenous Tubercle [Tuberculum Intervenosum, Pna; Tuberculum intervenosum (Loweri), Bna; Torus Intervenosus, Jna: Syn.: Loverov Bugorok, Lower Bugorok]

Intervenous (Lower's) tubercle (tuberculum (torus) intervenosum) is a formation on the posterior wall of the inner layer of the right atrium, located between the mouths of the inferior and superior vena cava. During the embryonic period of development, the intervenous tubercle directs blood flow from the vena cava to the oval window.

The intervenous tubercle is one of the key elements of the cardiovascular system, which plays an important role in regulating blood circulation. It is located on the posterior wall of the right atrium and connects two main veins - the superior and inferior vena cava.

In embryogenesis, the intervenous tubercle plays a role in the formation of the oval window, which provides communication between the right and left atria. In this process, the intervenous tubercle helps direct blood from the vena cava through the foramen ovale into the left atrium.

In addition, the intervenous tubercle is involved in the regulation of pressure in the right atrium. When pressure in the right atrium increases, the intervenous tubercle may compress, resulting in an increase in the surface area through which blood can flow out of the atrium.

Thus, the intervenous tubercle is important for maintaining normal blood circulation and regulating pressure in the cardiovascular system. Knowledge of its function can help in understanding the functioning of the cardiovascular system as a whole and its role in maintaining human health.

The intervenous tubercle, also known as the lower tubercle or lower tubercle, is a raised area on the posterior wall of the inner surface of the right atrium between the orifices of the superior and inferior vena cava. It has several names in different classification systems, such as tuberculum intervenosum in the Manual of Nomenclature of Anatomical Terms (PNA), tuberculum intervenosum (loweri) in the Basic Nomenclature of Anatomical Sciences (BNA), and torus intervenosus in the Japanese Nomenclature of Anatomy (JNA).

The intervenous tubercle plays an important role in the embryonic period of heart development. During this period, it directs blood flow from the vena cava to the oval window. The foramen ovale is an opening between the right and left atria that allows blood to bypass the immature lungs and enter the systemic circulation. However, after birth, the oval window usually closes and becomes a foramen ovale.

The intervenous tubercle is one of the anatomical features of the heart that may have clinical significance. Some people may have incomplete closure of the foramen ovale after birth, called a foramen ovale. This can cause blood to flow from the right atrium to the left and cause circulation problems. In such cases, the intervenous tubercle becomes an important anatomical point for the oval window closure procedure.

Intervenous tubercle may also be associated with other cardiac and vascular abnormalities. Its shape, size and location may vary from person to person. Studying and understanding the anatomy of the intervenous tubercle is important when performing cardiac surgery and diagnosing cardiovascular diseases.

In conclusion, the intervenous tubercle is a raised area on the posterior wall of the inner surface of the right atrium between the orifices of the superior and inferior vena cava. It plays an important role in the embryonic period of cardiac development and may be of clinical importance in cases of incomplete closure of the foramen ovale after birth. The study of its anatomy is an important aspect in cardiology and cardiovascular surgery.