Isozymes

Isozymes (from the English isozyme) are different types of enzymes that exist in the form of several variants of the same protein. They can be found in different types of organisms and perform different functions in their bodies. Typically, isozymes are designated by a special symbol, for example, CYP450, which indicates that the enzyme belongs to a specific group and subgroup.

Isozymes can occur for various reasons. For example, the same sequence of amino acids, which is the basis of a protein molecule, can be arranged in different configurations. This may occur due to differences in the presence or absence of certain groups of atoms or bonds between amino acids. In addition, evolutionary processes can also lead to the emergence of new enzyme isoforms.

The study of isozymes is important in medical diagnostics. For example, the level of isocytochrome P450 in the blood can be used to detect problems with the liver and other organs. Also, cancer can cause changes in the levels of some isoenzymes.

The creation and use of isozyme forms of enzymes is of interest to biochemists and drug developers. They can enhance the effectiveness of existing drugs or create new types taking into account the characteristics of a particular patient.

On the other hand, isozymes pose a danger to human health. Some enzyme isoforms can be toxic and cause tissue damage. Therefore, each drug has a specific list of recommended and not recommended persons for use. Likewise, manufacturing workers and those who handle chemicals should limit exposure to certain enzyme isoforms.