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Ketalar: application, action, side effects

Ketalar is a drug that belongs to the group of drugs for non-inhalation anesthesia - non-barbiturates. The drug is available in the form of an injection solution of various concentrations and is produced by several companies, including Goedecke/Parke-Davies (UK), Hemofarm D.D. (Yugoslavia) and Eczacibasi (Türkiye).

The active ingredient of Ketalar is ketamine, also known under the international name ketamine, as well as under the synonyms Calypsol, Ketamine hydrochloride and Ketanest. The use of Ketalar is recommended for basic anesthesia for the anesthesia of short-term operations and painful instrumental interventions, including in dental, ophthalmological, otolaryngological, gynecological and obstetric practice, as well as for diagnostic procedures such as endoscopy and cardiac catheterization. In addition, Ketalar can be used during emergency surgical operations in patients with traumatic shock and blood loss, for pain relief during transportation of patients, as well as when treating burn surfaces.

However, like any drug, Ketalar has contraindications and can cause side effects. Cerebrovascular accidents, arterial hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia, alcoholism and epilepsy in children are contraindications to the use of Ketalar. In addition, there are restrictions on its use for kidney diseases, angina pectoris, decompensated heart failure, and operations on the larynx and pharynx.

Possible side effects when using Ketalar may include: increased blood pressure, tachycardia, salivation, nausea, shortness of breath, depression of the respiratory center, muscle rigidity and increased muscle activity, obstruction of the upper respiratory tract due to spasm of the masticatory muscles and retraction of the tongue. During the period of recovery from the state of anesthesia, hallucinations, psychomotor agitation, prolonged disorientation, and psychosis may occur. Pain and hyperemia may also be observed along the vein at the injection site.

In addition, when using Ketalar, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of interaction with other drugs. For example, an increase in the effect of inhaled drugs can occur when Ketalar is used simultaneously with alcohol, tranquilizers, analgesics and other drugs that can also depress the central nervous system.

It is important to note that Ketalar can cause drug addiction, so its use should only be under medical supervision and in accordance with the instructions for use. It should also be borne in mind that Ketalar can cause a change in mental state and loss of coordination, therefore, after using the drug, it is recommended to refrain from driving vehicles and performing other activities that require increased concentration.

In general, Ketalar is an effective drug for basic anesthesia for various medical procedures. However, its use should only be carried out under the supervision of qualified medical personnel, taking into account possible contraindications and side effects.