Kidney

The kidney is a paired organ that removes nitrogen-containing wastes, especially urea, from the blood and eliminates nitrogen-containing waste from the body. The kidneys are located retroperitoneally in the lumbar region on both sides of the spine; they are supplied with blood from the renal arteries. Each kidney is surrounded by a fibrous capsule; On the frontal section of the kidney, the outer cortical (cortex) and inner medulla (medulla) substances are visible.

Each kidney is formed by many (up to 1 million) nephrons, each of which consists of a renal corpuscle and a tubule. In the renal corpuscle, primary urine is filtered from the blood entering them under some pressure; in the tubules, water and various substances are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream.

The resulting urine passes through a system of tubules into the renal calyces, then into the renal pelvis (renal pelvis), and from there through the ureter into the bladder.

See also Hemodialysis, Horseshoe Kidney, Tests to Assess Kidney Function.

Kidney (Latin ren, Greek nephros) is a paired organ of the vertebrate urinary system that performs the function of cleansing the blood of metabolic products.

The kidney is located in the retroperitoneal space, at the level of the XII thoracic and I-II lumbar vertebrae, on one side of the spinal column. The right and left kidneys have different shapes, and their surfaces have different densities.

The kidney consists of parenchyma and renal sinus. The parenchyma consists of nephrons. The ureter enters the kidney through the renal sinus, and the urinary cavity continues into the ureter. The renal sinus is dilated and has the shape of a funnel.

The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. Each nephron consists of a nephron capsule, a convoluted renal tubule, and a glomerulus. The glomerulus is located in the capsule, and the tubule is in the renal pyramid.

In the nephron, urine is formed, which passes through the nephrons and is cleared of harmful substances.

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