Strong acids (Inorganic - Nitric, Sulfuric, Hydrochloric, etc., Organic - Acetic, Oxalic, etc.).

Title: Strong acids (inorganic - nitric, sulfuric, hydrochloric, etc., organic - acetic, oxalic, etc.)

Strong acids have a pronounced toxic effect when ingested.

Organic acids are characterized by a selective local cauterizing effect with the formation of coagulative necrosis. They also have hematotoxic (hemolytic), nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic effects.

When strong acids are ingested, a chemical burn of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach and intestines develops. There is sharp pain, significant salivation, and repeated vomiting mixed with blood. Bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract, swelling and mechanical asphyxia due to a burn to the larynx are possible.

In severe cases of poisoning with organic acids (acetic acid), hemolysis, hemoglobinuria, jaundice of the skin and sclera develop. On days 2-3 - fever, agitation, peritonitis, pancreatitis, nephropathy, hepatopathy.

In case of poisoning with mineral acids, late bleeding is possible at 2-3 weeks. By week 3 there are signs of scarring of the esophagus and gastric outlet.

Treatment includes gastric lavage, forced diuresis, intravenous administration of alkaline solutions, relief of shock and bleeding, antibiotics, and hormones. The prognosis depends on the acid concentration and volume. Lethal dose - 30-50 ml.