Adrenal Insufficiency

Adrenal insufficiency

Adrenal insufficiency is a syndrome caused by dysfunction of the adrenal cortex.

Causes:

1. Primary adrenal insufficiency occurs when the adrenal glands themselves are damaged (tuberculosis, tumors, autoimmune diseases).

2. Secondary deficiency develops when the production of ACTH by the pituitary gland is impaired (tumors, head injuries).

Symptoms:

1. weakness, weight loss, hypotension
2. skin hyperpigmentation
3. disorders of carbohydrate, protein, water-salt metabolism
4. anemia, leukopenia

Diagnosis is based on analysis of clinical manifestations and hormonal studies.

Treatment:

1. elimination of the cause (anti-tuberculosis therapy, surgical treatment of tumors)
2. replacement therapy with gluco- and mineralocorticoids
3. diet high in protein and salt
4. correction of electrolyte disturbances

The prognosis with adequate treatment is favorable. Acute adrenal insufficiency (Addisonian crisis) requires emergency treatment.