Line Inbred

Inbred line is a term used in genetics and breeding of plants, animals and microorganisms to describe a combination of closely related genes that are passed from generation to generation over many generations without cross-fertilization.

*Meaning of inbreeding.* Inbreeding is one of the main breeding methods used to improve the qualities and characteristics of plants and animals. Representing the breeding of new genetic variations of genetically close plants or animals by crossing (hybridization) of the same parents for subsequent use in breeding programs. This contributes to a closer interaction of homologous chromosomes, an increase in the viability of the offspring, and the accumulation of rearrangements of genes and chromosomes, fixed in the offspring with better and more dominant traits, i.e. genetic diversity is being transformed. The intensification of the hybridization process leads to an increase in the number of individuals with the necessary economically valuable properties. A positive result of inbreeding is a more pronounced phenotypic trait, as well as a decrease in the fluctuating and absorbing properties of the original gene pool. However, hybridization can also lead to negative results, such as a decrease in the viability and fertility of hybrids, an increase in the percentage of defects and streptocodon divergence, and, moreover, the inevitable accumulation of negative mutations that prevent the further introduction of new genotypes. Therefore, when carrying out long-term inbreeding, it is necessary to observe a reasonable and strict selection of breeding material.

*Symbiosis of two species.* Synthesis of a heterologous line occurs with a significant increase in the saturation of the habitat of any one species, when another species, displaced from the habitat by its own offspring, takes the place of the first during reproduction, changes it from the inside and is used as a source of valuable traits. Not only interspecific hybridization creates a new biological line, both with a shift in the level of development and with a form of adaptation different from that of the parent species, but also the processes of introgression of various species. If interspecific synthesis occurs sporadically due to appropriate environmental conditions, then the intrusion of individual characteristics concerns each individual characteristic of a certain species as a property of a new species that was formed earlier. For example, hybrids of cotton, which have a stem morphological index unfavorable in relation to the crop series, cannot compete with the parent forms in the natural environment. Introgression processes