Lysogenic

Lysogenic is a term that refers to the ability of certain viruses to cause lysis (destruction) of bacteria. Unlike lytic viruses, which immediately begin to destroy bacterial cells, lysogenic viruses are able to integrate into the bacterial genome and remain in an inactive state (the so-called prolysis) for a long time.

When a bacterium is under a stressful situation, such as a lack of nutrients or high temperature, a lysogenic virus can become activated and begin the process of lysis, destroying the bacterium and releasing new viruses into the environment.

Lysogenic viruses play an important role in bacterial evolution because they can transfer genes between different bacterial species and even influence their ability to infect. Some important bacterial pathogens, such as Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli, contain lysogenic viruses in their genomes.

In addition, lysogenic viruses are used in biotechnology to create recombinant bacteria that can produce useful proteins such as insulin or growth hormones. These viruses can be modified so that they do not cause lysis of bacteria, but continue to live in them as asymptomatic parasites.

In conclusion, lysogenic viruses are important components of the bacterial world that can influence the evolution and functioning of bacteria and can also be used in biotechnology to create useful products.

**Lysogenic** (Latin lyso - corrode, dissolve + eōs, eōsis - state) - in a state of lysis (dissolution) of viruses. The term “lysogenic” and its cognates “lyse”, “lysed” or “in lysogenic” mean “to destroy”, “to dissolve”.

Viruses can be in two states: dormant and “active”. Viruses differ from other infectious agents (bacteria, fungi, protozoa, parasites) by the lack of metabolism and a different biochemical composition. Unlike immobile bacteria, phages, and host cells, viruses are more resistant to high temperatures (up to 75 °C) and ultraviolet light; can be stored for decades in a dried state. Viral particles during storage can remain viable for a long time, including against the background of the action of protective reactions of the macroorganism.

Under certain conditions, bacteria can be transmitted from one cell to another without destroying them. Such cells are called lysogenies, and the carriers are called bacteriophages. Phage particles. They can exist inside bacterial cells and cause them to synthesize specific proteins, changes in metabolism and