Mechanism of Transmission of Infection Airborne

The airborne transmission mechanism of infection is the method of spreading an infectious disease from one person to another through tiny droplets that are formed when coughing, sneezing or talking.

When a person who is sick coughs, sneezes or talks, particles of mucus containing viruses or bacteria that may be on the surface of the respiratory tract enter the air. These particles are released into the environment, where they can be picked up by other people.

Airborne transmission can be effective, especially in closed spaces where people are in close proximity to each other. For example, this could happen in a classroom, office, or public transport.

To avoid contracting an airborne infection, it is necessary to take precautions such as regular hand washing, avoiding close contact with sick people, using disinfectants and ventilating the room. It is also important to maintain social distancing and avoid crowds.

MIC - mechanical transmission of infection

There are many methods of spreading infection in the air (mechanical transmission), but the most common of them is airborne mechanical transmission of infectious agents. The air contains a huge amount of a wide variety of tiny particles and microorganisms with varying degrees of dispersion. This mixture allows us to talk about the passive transmission of microbial bodies from the air, since their entry into the mucous membrane is not accompanied by the active participation of a person.

**Features of MCP and routes of infection.** Passive transmission means that dust particles already contain microorganisms that, when sprayed, end up on the surface of the mucous membrane. There they are fixed and grow and develop. Saliva particles settle at a distance of up to 5-7 meters. The area of ​​the healthy compartment of the nose, bronchial alveoli and trachea measures 120 centimeters². A distance of 2 meters is the zone where salivary droplets spread (when sneezing, coughing).

MCP paths. When sneezing and coughing, a person brings his hands to the nasolabial angle, thereby “throwing out” his facial cavity at a distance of up to two meters and partially into the air. In the saliva of a sick person, microbes can be found that land on the face of the interlocutor. Also, microfoci of infection can remain in dental plaque. Plaque on teeth, like any mucus, under the influence of pressure very easily ruptures and infection of the healthy part of the respiratory system occurs through MCP;

Saliva can get into food and food if a person with an affected gastrointestinal tract is sick. This occurs when salivary droplets contain carious, putrefactive food fragments;

Harmful particles of cigarette smoke settle on the human mucous membranes, in the mouth, upper respiratory tract, throat, and tracheobronchial tree. Infections multiply on them.

Often, transmission of infection from person to person occurs through droplet spread of the influenza virus and acute respiratory diseases. In such a situation, the main source of pathogens is the patient’s blood and saliva. Together with the blood, proteins and other components necessary for the life and viral activity of the microorganism are released from the affected areas of the diseased body. These include, for example, deproteinization and recombination of viral RNAs. All this provokes the development of infection, which is transmitted by airborne droplets and leads to infection of healthy people.

A large percentage of the appearance of infectious strains occurs between the ages of 6 months and two years, when children’s immune systems are actively developing and they suffer from almost any disease. Infants are characterized by an asymptomatic course of the infectious disease, due to the weakness of the immune systems of infants. Most often they become infected at home. MPC is detected more often during epidemic outbreaks of ARVI.