Mesentery of the Fallopian Tube

Tubal mesenteries or mesosalpinxes are structures that connect the fallopian tubes to the peritoneum and pelvic serosa (folds of the peritoneum and uterus). With the help of the mesentery, protection from infection from the abdominal cavity of the woman’s pelvic organs - the fallopian tubes, ovaries, round ligament of the uterus, and uterosacral ligaments - occurs. During normal ovulation, the peritoneum stretches, thereby preventing the pressure of the tube on the ovary. In addition, if exudate attaches to the mucous membrane of the fallopian tube, the source of inflammation, together with the mesentery, moves along the tube following the blood. Thanks to the mesentery, the fallopian tube is protected from adhesions during inflammatory processes occurring in the woman’s abdominal cavity.

The mesentery consists of loose fibrous tissue with blood and lymphatic vessels. There are two mesenteries in the small pelvis, since the peritoneal layers are divided in two by round fallopian tubes, that is, they have a second edge. There are only two of them: left (juga sinistra), right (juga dextra) or lower (inferior suspension) and upper (superior suspension of the uterine appendages). The lower and upper mesenteric ends of the fallopian tubes are located on the anterior surface of the peritoneal layers. The superior mesenteric arch (the outline of the greater omentum) goes in a straight direction to the duodenum, and the lower - to the sigmoid colon. In addition, there is a transverse mesentery (transversalis peritonei), which has no practical significance, but is important for understanding anatomy in general. The main part of the mesenteric material of the fallopian tube passes into the greater omentum, which is called the subperitoneal (parietobursal). The greater omentum is formed around the intestinal tract in the region of the transverse mesenteric line (the plane between the costal hill and the pubic joint in front and the right inguinal ligament in the back). Then they go down along the lower horizontal branch of the rectus abdominis muscle to the umbilicus, where each omentum ends with a special embryonic fold (roller), which passes through the upper edge of the opening of the inguinal canal to form the umbilical ring. This tissue is an additional layer of muscular protection for the intestines from various external influences (chest, abdominal organs, accumulation of large amounts of feces). Intermittent fixation of the rectus abdominis muscles of the fallopian tubal mesenteric loop (one of the ends). The fallopian cone (cone) is superimposed on the peritoneal branch (fallopian tube), which emerges from the layer of the abdominal septum and passes to their ligament. The second end is fixed in relation to the rectum, and forms the seat of the appendix bulb. Such a connection is of great practical importance, since intussusception of the appendicular process of the rectum may occur during the process of urination. Another inferior mesenteric loop, the fallopian tubal loop, runs in the direction of the vaginal wall of the abdominal cavity to the central