Polycentric mitosis is a unique phenomenon when the process of cell division occurs in several centers located on the surface of the cell. This occurs due to the fact that during the formation and development of young cells, multiple division centers are formed from the mother cell. Each center acts independently, ensuring the synchronization of the process and the preservation of genetic material. Polycentric mitosis is characteristic of the division of some special cells, but can also occur as a pathological process in the presence of various diseases and pathologies. In this article we will look at the general definition of this concept, its features and significance, as well as how this process can affect the development and viability of cells and organisms in general.