Bladder

Bladder: structure, functions and possible problems

The bladder is one of the important organs of the genitourinary system, which plays a key role in retaining and removing urine from the body. In this article we will look at the structure and functions of the bladder, and also talk about the problems associated with its work.

Structure of the bladder

The bladder is an elastic muscular organ that is located in the lower part of the abdominal cavity. It is shaped like a bag and is capable of expanding and contracting to hold and remove urine. The muscle tissue that makes up the bladder gives it elasticity and allows it to hold a large volume of urine, approximately 300-350 cm3.

The bladder has two openings: one for the ureter and the other for the urethra. The muscular wall of the bladder consists of three layers: outer, middle and inner. The outer layer is made up of smooth muscles that control the basic functions of the bladder, such as expansion and contraction. The middle layer consists of reticular muscle tissue, and the inner layer is covered with epithelial tissue.

Bladder functions

The main function of the bladder is to store urine, which enters it from the kidneys through the ureters. As urine accumulates, the bladder stretches and increases its volume. When the bladder is full to a certain level, it sends signals to the brain telling it to release urine.

Urine leaves the bladder through the urethra, which passes through the pelvic floor muscles. There are two sphincters in the urethra: internal and external. The internal sphincter is located inside the bladder, around the opening of the urethra, and opens automatically when the bladder is full. The external sphincter is located 2 cm below and we can compress it arbitrarily. The expansion of the bladder causes the muscle to contract and the internal sphincter to relax. If you voluntarily relax the external constrictor, urine will begin to flow through the urethra.

Bladder problems

There are various problems associated with the functioning of the bladder that can lead to dysfunction. One such problem is urinary incontinence, which occurs when the bladder muscles or sphincters do not work properly. This can happen due to various reasons such as aging, injury, infection, etc. Urinary incontinence can lead to social and psychological problems, so it is important to find effective treatment.

Another common bladder problem is cystitis, an inflammation of the bladder. Cystitis can be caused by a bacterial infection or other causes. It can lead to severe pain in the lower abdomen, frequent urination and other unpleasant symptoms. Cystitis is often treated with antibiotics and other medications.

The bladder can also be damaged due to injury or surgery. In some cases, it may be necessary to remove the bladder and install an artificial bladder to preserve the function of the urethra and remove urine from the body.

conclusions

The bladder is an important organ of the genitourinary system, which plays a key role in retaining and removing urine from the body. Its structure and functions allow us to control the process of urination and maintain the health of the urinary system. However, various problems related to the bladder can affect its functioning and lead to serious problems. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor if you have any problems with your bladder and monitor your bladder health.

The bladder is a human muscular organ that is shaped like a pear. It is part of the urinary system and performs the function of storing and removing urine from the body. The bladder is located in the lower abdomen, under the pubic joint.

The function of the bladder is to store urine, which is produced by the kidneys and stored in the ureters, ultimately collecting in the bladder through the urethra. When urine has accumulated to a certain level, the bladder muscles contract and expel urine from the bladder through the urethra. Normally, a man urinates approximately every 2–3 hours;