Nephrolithiasis (Nephrolithiasis)

Nephrolithiasis is a disease characterized by the formation of kidney stones. Kidney stones can cause various symptoms such as lower back pain, blood in urine, fever, etc. To determine the causes of stone formation, a complete examination of the patient is performed. If kidney stones are accompanied by urinary tract blockage or infection, surgical treatment may be required. It involves removing kidney stones and clearing blockages in the urinary tract. However, if the stones do not cause any symptoms, then no treatment is required. It is important to undergo regular examinations with a doctor and monitor your health.

Nephrolithiasis, or kidney stone, is a common condition characterized by the formation of kidney stones. Stones can cause pain and blood in the urine, but they may be present without symptoms. Determining the cause of stone formation and developing the most effective treatment plan usually requires a complete examination of the patient.

Kidney stones can form from a variety of substances, such as calcium, oxalate, urate, phosphate and cystine. Factors that contribute to the formation of stones include genetic predisposition, lack of fluid in the body, increased salt content in the urine, abnormalities in the structure of the urinary tract and certain medical conditions such as hyperparathyroidism and kidney disease. Nutritional factors, including a diet high in protein, soda, and oxalate, can also contribute to the formation of kidney stones.

Symptoms of nephrolithiasis can vary depending on the size and location of the stones. Small stones can pass through the ureters and be excreted in the urine without causing significant discomfort. However, larger stones can block the urinary tract, causing severe pain in the lower back or lower abdomen. The appearance of blood in the urine can also be a sign of nephrolithiasis.

Various methods can be used to diagnose nephrolithiasis. One of them is a urine test to check for crystals and blood. A kidney ultrasound can help detect and determine the size and number of stones. Computed tomography (CT) can provide more detailed information about the location and characteristics of the stones.

Treatment for nephrolithiasis depends on the size and type of stones, as well as the presence of symptoms. For small stones that do not cause symptoms, conservative treatment may be recommended, including increasing fluid intake, taking analgesics to relieve pain, and monitoring the condition. For large stones or stones that cause severe pain and complications, surgery may be required.

There are several surgical procedures that can be used to remove kidney stones. Nephrolithotomy is an operation in which a stone is removed from the kidney through a small incision in the back. In pyelolithotomy, the stone is removed through a small hole in the bladder or ureter. In some cases, it may be necessary to use endoscopic instruments to break the stones into smaller pieces to make them easier to remove.

Preventing kidney stones involves lifestyle and diet changes. It is recommended to increase your fluid intake to ensure there is enough urine to dilute and eliminate the crystals. Drinking water regularly and avoiding dehydration are important measures to prevent stone formation.

It is also recommended to limit your intake of foods rich in oxalates, such as chocolate, coffee, spinach, rhubarb and some types of nuts. You should also limit your intake of foods containing large amounts of salt and protein.

In some cases, medications may be prescribed to control the level of crystals in the urine and prevent the formation of new stones.

Nephrolithiasis is a serious condition that requires medical intervention and monitoring. If you have symptoms associated with kidney stones, you should see your doctor for a diagnosis and treatment plan. Following recommendations for lifestyle and diet changes, as well as regular medical supervision, will help prevent relapses and complications associated with nephrolithiasis.

Nephrolithiasis or nephrolithiasis is a pathological condition in which stones form and develop in the kidneys. Kidney stones are not an independent disease, but a complication of another disease. X-rays usually show that on the periphery of the renal pelvis there are dark, hyperechoic shadows of oval or round shape with a diameter of up to 2.5 cm. Most often, mixed stones are formed, consisting of calcium phosphate, urates and calcium oxalate. These salts can precipitate not only in the kidneys, but also in the bladder, ureter and urethra. Salts can form due to insufficient fluid intake or excessive acidity of the urine.