Neuron, Nerve Cell

The nervous system is one of the most complex and amazing systems in the human body. Neurons, or cells of the nervous system, are the main structural and functional units of this system. They play a critical role in the generation, perception and transmission of nerve impulses that carry information from one part of the body to another.

Neuron structure

Each neuron consists of a large body, also known as a perikaryon, which contains a nucleus with a large nucleolus. However, the most surprising feature of the structure of neurons is the presence of numerous neurofibrils and accumulations of chromatophilic substance, which consists of groups of cisterns of granular endoplasmic reticulum and polyribosomes rich in RNA. They also lack centrioles.

Several branching dendrites extend from the cell body, which conduct impulses to the cell body, as well as one axon, along which nerve impulses are sent from the cell body to the periphery. Most axons have a myelin sheath, which speeds up the transmission of impulses. The axon is usually unbranched; it ends with a telodendron - many terminal branches.

Synapses

When a nerve impulse reaches the end of an axon, it causes the release of chemicals called neurotransmitters. These neurotransmitters cross the space between the axon and the next neuron, which may be a dendrite of another neuron or a cell of another tissue, and cause the next neuron to excite or inhibit.

This area of ​​contact between one neuron and another is called a synapse. Synapses are key elements of communication between neurons and play an important role in information processing in the nervous system.

Functions of neurons

Neurons perform many functions in the nervous system, including processing information and regulating breathing, heart rate, body temperature, appetite, and sleep. They are also responsible for body movement, muscle tone, sensitivity and pain perception.

Conclusion

Neurons are the main structural and functional units of the nervous system. Their amazing structure and functions play a key role in the generation, perception and transmission of nerve impulses. Understanding neurons and their functions is fundamental to understanding the functioning of the nervous system as a whole.

A nerve cell is one of the two main structural and functional units of the nervous system.
The basic structural unit of nervous tissue is a neuron, which consists of an axon and one or more dendrites. The axon usually has a myelin coating that allows for the rapid transmission of electrical signals, and dendrites serve to sense and process information.

The neuron body contains a nucleus containing many RNA molecules that are involved in protein synthesis and signal transmission between neurons. The cytoplasm of a neuron contains numerous organelles such as mitochondria, lysosomes and peroxisomes. The neuron also contains many neurofibrillary structures, which provide its mechanical strength and resistance to damage.

A neuron is the basic structural unit of the nervous system and performs many functions related to the transmission of signals between different parts of the body. It generates electrical impulses that are transmitted along axons to other neurons and organs. Neurons are also involved in regulating various processes in the body, such as metabolism, immune response and motor coordination.

Neuron and nerve cell: basic concepts

Neurons and nerve cells are the main structural and functional units of the nervous system. They perform many functions related to the transmission of nerve impulses and information processing.

Neurons are cells that generate, receive and transmit nerve impulses. Each neuron consists of a cell body, where the nucleus is located, and numerous dendrites and an axon. Dendrites conduct impulses from the cell body to the axon, which transmits them to the periphery of the body.

Nerve cells are specialized types of neurons that perform the function of transmitting nerve impulses in various parts of the nervous system. For example, in the peripheral nervous system there are special nerve cells called nerve fibers, which are responsible for transmitting impulses from the sensory organs to the brain.

Features of the structure of neurons and nerve cells.

One of the structural features of neurons is numerous neurofibrils and accumulations of chromatophilic substance, which are groups of cisterns of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and RNA-rich polyribosomes. Neurons also lack centrioles, which are an important component of the cytoskeleton in other cells.

The nerve cell body is surrounded by a membrane that allows selective access to neurotransmitters and other chemicals. The membrane also contains receptors that allow nerve cells to perceive and respond to external stimuli.

Functions of nerve cells and neurons.

The main function of nerve cells is the transmission of nerve impulses. They provide communication between different parts of the body and the brain, allowing the body to respond to external stimuli and coordinate its actions.

Neurophysiology and biochemistry of nerve cells also play an important role in the regulation of many processes, such as metabolism, homeostasis, adaptation and behavior.