Neostriatum

Neostriatum: anatomy and functions

The neostriatum, also known as the corpus striatum or striatum, is part of the basal ganglia, which plays an important role in coordinating movements and controlling muscle tone. The neostriatum is located in the brain and consists of two main structures: the caudate nucleus and the nucleus of the globus pallidus.

The caudate nucleus has the shape of an arcuate box and consists of three parts: the head, the body and the tail. The head of the caudate nucleus is located closer to the forehead, the body is in the center, and the tail is located closer to the back of the head. The nucleus of the globus pallidus is located below the caudate nucleus.

The neostriatum plays an important role in regulating movement and controlling muscle tone by interacting with other brain structures such as the cerebral cortex, thalamus and cerebellum. For example, the neostriatum is involved in the control of arm and leg movements, as well as in maintaining balance and eye coordination.

Dysfunction of the neostriatum can lead to various neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and dystonia. Some studies have also linked neostriatal dysfunction to psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and drug addiction.

In conclusion, the neostriatum is an important brain structure that plays an important role in motor coordination and control of muscle tone. Its dysfunction can lead to various neurological and psychiatric diseases, so studying this brain structure is an important area of ​​neuroscience research.

Neostriatum: Basic Anatomy and Function

The neostriatum, also known as the striatum, is one of the key brain structures included in the basal ganglia. It plays an important role in the regulation of motor activity, as well as in cognitive functions and emotional processes. In this article we will look at the anatomy and function of the neostriatum and its relationship with other brain structures.

Anatomy of the neostriatum:
The neostriatum is located in the deep regions of the brain and consists of two main components - the putamen and the “ribbon” nucleus. The putamen is the more external part of the neostriatum, while the nucleus of the "ribbon" is located within the putamen. Both of these components have their own unique structure and function.

Functions of the neostriatum:
The neostriatum plays an important role in the control of motor activity. It receives input signals from the cerebral cortex and transmits them to other structures of the basal ganglia and motor regions of the cerebral cortex. This allows the neostriatum to control and modulate body movements.

In addition, the neostriatum also influences cognitive functions and emotional processes. It is involved in habit formation, motor skill learning, and emotion regulation. Disturbances in the functioning of the neostriatum can lead to a variety of pathological conditions, including movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease, as well as mental disorders including schizophrenia and anxiety disorders.

Interaction with other brain structures:
The neostriatum is closely connected with other structures of the basal ganglia, such as the globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra. Together, these structures form the cyclopean loop, which regulates locomotor activity and other functions associated with the neostriatum.

In addition, the neostriatum also has connections with other areas of the cerebral cortex, including the prefrontal cortex, which plays an important role in planning and decision-making, and the frontal lobes, which are responsible for cognitive functions. These connections enable the integration of information and coordination of various aspects of behavior and cognitive activity.

In conclusion, the neostriatum is an important brain structure responsible for the regulation of motor activity, cognitive functions and emotional processes. Its anatomy and function are closely related to other brain structures such as the basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex. Understanding the role of the neostriatum and its relationships with other structures may help in further research and development of new treatments for various pathological conditions associated with this important brain region.