Neuron Pyramidal

Neuron Pyramidal: Main features and role in the nervous system

Pyramidal neurons, also known as pyramidal neurons, are one of the main types of neurons that make up the central nervous system of humans and other mammals. They got their name due to their special shape, reminiscent of a pyramid. These neurons have numerous important functions and play a key role in transmitting information in the brain.

Structurally, pyramidal neurons have long axons that extend over long distances and provide communication with various parts of the brain. Their dendrites, in turn, form numerous branches located in the upper part of the cell. This anatomical feature allows them to receive incoming signals from other neurons and integrate them for subsequent transmission.

One of the main functions of pyramidal neurons is to participate in the formation and transmission of nerve impulses, which allows them to serve as the main elements of brain circuits and neural networks. They play an important role in processing and transmitting information in various areas of the brain, including the cerebral cortex.

In addition, pyramidal neurons also play a key role in functional processes associated with cognitive functions such as attention, memory, reasoning, and decision making. Research suggests that these neurons can detect specific characteristics of stimuli and generate specific activation patterns that reflect different aspects of perception and cognitive processing.

Scientific research also suggests a connection between pyramidal neurons and various pathological conditions and disorders of the nervous system, including schizophrenia, epilepsy and autism spectrum disorders. Abnormalities in the functioning of these neurons can interfere with normal information processing in the brain and cause a variety of symptoms and behavioral changes.

Research on pyramidal neurons continues, and every year we learn more about their role and functions in the nervous system. Understanding these neurons and their interactions with other brain components is key to deciphering the complex organization and functioning of our brains.

In conclusion, pyramidal neurons are an important type of neuron that plays a role in transmitting and processing information in the brain. Their unique shape and structure allow them to perform a variety of functions, including transmitting nerve impulses, participating in cognitive processes, and detecting features of stimuli. Understanding the role and function of pyramidal neurons will help us better understand the mechanisms of brain function and may have important clinical applications in the future, helping to treat and prevent neurological disorders and diseases.

Neurons in the pyramidal nucleus of the visual centers provide the bulk of cells that take part in the perception of objects in the frontal region of the cortex (“zones of clear vision”) and constitute its response activation using known signals (Esipova, 1948). In these nuclei, along with small pyramidal neurons of large diameter, there are numerous larger cells of large size and wide specialization of functions. Some of them are able to carry out various urges associated with the perception of several signs at once.

For modern neurophysiology, the position of A. I. Krylov (1922) is important, who established that it is the activity of this kind of neurons that constitutes the main cortical phase of the visual “response”, which determines its clarity, brightness, structure, and influences the selection of more or less complex features of the object - shapes, configurations, surfaces.