Mandibular fossa: anatomical formation and its functions
The mandibular fossa, also known as fossa mandibularis, pna, bna or jna, is an important anatomical structure located on the inner surface of the mandible. This depressed area plays an essential role in the functioning of the maxillofacial region and is associated with various structures and processes, including the muscles of mastication, nerves and blood vessels.
The shape and location of the mandibular fossa may vary slightly from person to person. Usually it is located on the inner surface of the lower jaw between the tubercle of the hyoid bone (tuberculum) and the terminal process of the lower jaw. The hole has an oval shape and a fairly smooth surface.
One of the main functions of the mandibular fossa is to serve as an attachment point for the masticatory muscles. Massive muscles, such as the masticatory muscle (m. masseter) and the internal masticatory muscle (m. pterygoideus internus), are attached to the inner surface of the mandible and form the basis for the chewing movement. The mandibular fossa provides stability and support for these muscles, allowing for efficient masticatory functions.
In addition, the mandibular fossa plays an important role in organizing and protecting the nerve and circulatory structures passing through this area. Here is the mandibular artery (a. maxillaris) and its branches, which provide blood supply to the lower jaw. Also passing through the mandibular fossa are nerves, including the mandibular nerve (n. mandibularis), which is one of the three main branches of the trigeminal nerve (n. trigeminus). This nerve supplies the jaw, teeth, and some facial muscles.
Taking all the important structures and functions together, we can conclude that the mandibular fossa is an integral part of the anatomy of the maxillofacial region. It provides support and an attachment point for the muscles of mastication, and also serves as a pathway for the passage of blood vessels and nerves that provide vital functions to the mandible and adjacent structures. Understanding this anatomical region is of great importance to dentists, surgeons and other professionals working in the head and neck region and helps them effectively diagnose and treat various conditions or problems associated with the mandible.
In conclusion, the mandibular fossa is an important anatomical structure that plays a role in the functioning of the maxillofacial region. It serves as an attachment point for the muscles of mastication, provides a pathway for blood vessels and nerves, and contributes to the normal functioning of the mandible and adjacent structures. By understanding this area, medical professionals can more effectively diagnose and treat various conditions and problems related to the lower jaw.