Nystagmus Horizontal

Horizontal nystagmus: features and causes

Horizontal nystagmus, also known as horizontal nystagmus or horizontal-type nystagmus, is an involuntary rhythmic movement of the eyes in which rapid horizontal movements (horizontal) occur in combination with slow reverse movements. This condition can have various causes and can be either congenital or acquired.

Features of horizontal nystagmus include swaying eye movements that can be noticeable to both the observer and the person themselves. Fast horizontal movements of the eyes are called displacement, and slow return movements are called the return phase. This cycle repeats and creates a swaying or oscillating effect on the eyes.

The causes of horizontal nystagmus can be varied. One of the most common causes is dysfunction of the vestibular system, which is responsible for balance and coordination of eye movements. Head injuries, infections of the inner ear or vestibular system, and some hereditary conditions can lead to the development of horizontal nystagmus.

Horizontal nystagmus may also be associated with certain neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, strokes, or brain tumors. In some cases, the cause of horizontal nystagmus remains unknown.

Diagnosis of horizontal nystagmus involves assessing the patient's medical history, performing a physical examination, and a number of additional tests. Additional techniques, such as electronystagmography (ENG) or videonystagmography (VNG), can more accurately study the characteristics of nystagmus and determine its cause.

Treatment for horizontal nystagmus depends on its cause. In some cases, medications may be prescribed to reduce the frequency and severity of nystagmus. Physical rehabilitation and eye exercises may also be helpful to improve coordination and control of eye movements.

Horizontal nystagmus can have a significant impact on a patient's quality of life, especially if it is accompanied by other symptoms such as dizziness or decreased vision. Therefore, it is important to see a doctor and get professional help to diagnose and treat this condition.

In conclusion, horizontal nystagmus is an involuntary horizontal swaying of the eyes that can be caused by a variety of causes, including vestibular system disorders and neurological diseases. Diagnosis and treatment of horizontal nystagmus require an individual approach, and early contact with a specialist will help determine the cause and develop an effective treatment plan.