About the blueness of the eye

The blueness of the eye arises either from a reason that lies in the membranes, or from a reason that lies in its moisture. The reason lying in the moisture is this: if the icy moisture is very abundant, the albumen is transparent, is closer to the outside and is moderate in quantity or even reduced, then the eye for this reason will be blue, unless there is an obstacle from the shell. If the moisture is cloudy and the icy moisture is scanty, and there is a lot of protein moisture, then the eye becomes dark, just as deep water is dark. And when the icy moisture is located deep, the eye is black.

The reason, which lies in the skins, rests in the grape skin. If it is dark, then the eye is black, and if it is blue, then the eye is blue. The grape skin becomes blue either due to lack of maturity - like a plant that at first, when it emerges, has no noticeable color and is rather whitish, and later, when ripe, it becomes green - and therefore the eyes of babies are blue and grayish; this type of blue comes from abundant moisture; or the grape skin becomes blue due to the resorption of the moisture from which color occurs when it is fully ripe, just as a plant, when its moisture disappears, begins to turn white. This type of blueness comes from excessive dryness. For the same reason, the eyes of sick and old people turn gray, for in old people, although the incoming moisture increases, the innate moisture disappears.

Sometimes this eye color appears at birth not because the grape shell at that time accepted it, whereas before there was no such color, but blueness J arises due to the transparency of the moisture from which this shell is created. Blueness occurs as a result of one of these two misfortunes when it is born. This is recognized by good or bad vision. Blueness, therefore, can be either natural or acquired. The gray color of the grape skin comes from a combination of black and blue causes, resulting in something between black and blue, that is, gray. If gray is really associated with fiery, as Empedocles believes, then the blue eye should be cold due to the loss of fiery, which is an instrument of vision. Meanwhile, some black eyes lag behind blue eyes in visual acuity, unless the blueness is the result of damage.

The reason is this: the blackness of the eye, which depends on the albuminous moisture, prevents the clear passage of colored images, because blackness is the opposite of transparency; as well as that blackness that occurs from clouding of moisture, as well as that which is caused by an abundance of moisture, since if there is an abundance of moisture, it weakly follows the movement of the pupil when looking closely and the eye protrudes forward. If the eye is blue due to the scarcity of protein moisture, then it sees better at night and in the dark than during the day, for the reason that light sets the meager matter in motion and does not allow it to see clearly. Such movement does not make it possible to clearly distinguish objects, and also does not make it possible to distinguish what is in the darkness behind the light.

The eye, black due to the abundance of moisture, sees worse at night for the reason that it has to peer closely and move the matter to the outside, and matter in large quantities resists more than in small quantities. The eye, black from the shell, concentrates the power of vision.

Treatment. An ointment made from dried henbane has been tested; henbane is boiled in water until it becomes thick with honey and an ointment is prepared from it. Or they take Isfahan sulfurous antimony - three dirhams, pearls - one dirham, musk and camphor - one danak each, soot from a lamp with olive oil or zanbak oil - two dirhams, saffron - one dirham; All this is combined by grinding and applied. Saffron and its oil are also something that blackens the pupil, as well as squeezed nightshade juice. Or they take squeezed tribulus juice - two dirhams, crushed galls - one dirham, oil from olive seeds blackened on the tree, and unpeeled sesame oil - one dirham each, cook all this over low heat until blackened and prepare an ointment from it. The proven remedies include the following: take burnt hazelnuts, mix them with olive oil and apply this to the crown of a blue-eyed child. You can also dip a knitting needle in fresh coloquint and anoint it with it, and it is said that it will even blacken a cat’s eye. Crushed pine nut shells also work. Or they take acacias - one part, galls - one sixth, mix them with a decoction of anemone flowers and its squeezed juice and prepare drops of them. Squeezed henbane juice and squeezed pomegranate peel juice also work.