Irradiation External

External irradiation (also known as external irradiation) is the process of exposing tissues and organs of the human body to the outside of the head, neck, pelvis, and arms (called “extracranial” tissues) with radiation. Irradiation can be carried out either by an internal agent, for example, radioactive substances, or by an external agent, for example, x-rays.

External irradiation, unlike internal irradiation, allows you to reach different areas of the body, including limbs, bones and tissues that are inaccessible to internal therapy. When external irradiation is performed, sensors are placed outside the patient's body, such as brachytherapy, a delivery system for radiation substances used to treat various tumors.

Classification of exposures. Diseases for which external irradiation is performed are divided into two types: malignant and benign. Tumors are malignant, and polyps, cysts, hamartomas, etc. are benign.

The main purpose of external radiation is to destroy cancer cells or stop their spread and restore the body. Radiation affects the formation of DNA molecules at the edges of tumor cells, damaging the DNA core. As a result, rapid death of cancer cells occurs under the influence of radiation. In addition, there are other mechanisms of action on the tumor by which irradiation affects the body, the metabolism in the cell and bone tissue.

What are the dangers of external radiation? By affecting the human body, radiation changes the genetic material and the process of cell division, cells may stop dividing completely or partially depending on the dose of radiation. Nearby healthy cells receive a high dose, which leads to their damage. Tissue that receives a high dose of radiation is at risk of cancer. The bone tissue, bone marrow, circulatory system, skin and lymphatic system are most susceptible to radiation cancer. All organs and systems become vulnerable, so the issue of the dangers of radiation remains relevant.

So how does radiation exposure affect the human body? Does radiation affect a person's emotional state? Scientists have not yet given a clear answer to these questions. Disease,