Poisonous Substances of Irritant Action

Poisoning and irritation are two separate consequences that can occur after the use of toxic substances (CA).

Poisoning occurs when chemical agents directly affect the body of a person or animal and cause negative changes in their physical and functional condition. Irritation is the result of a more indirect effect on receptors and

Toxic substances of irritating action are called chemical warfare agents, the action of which is based on the mechanism of reflex action on the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract and eyes.

This name gave rise to an old story that has some basis. Combat toxins that have an irritating effect include mustard-type sulfonamides: mustard gas, lewisite. More than a hundred years ago, when these compounds came into contact with the skin and eyes, they caused a sensation of severe burning, swelling and itching. For comparison, outwardly, for example, chlorine is an ordinary gas liquid, and its irritating effect on the respiratory system has not been studied enough. However, it should be noted that human chemoreceptors that respond to chlorine are located predominantly in the nasal mucosa. Perhaps for this reason, the first information about human poisoning with chlorine is usually called “Chemical burn of the eyes and upper respiratory tract.”

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Introduction

Toxic substances (TS) are chemical compounds of plant (autotrophs) or artificial nature (heterotrophs) that can have a toxic effect on the human body and many animal species, or cause diseases of plants and some microorganisms.

These chemical agents can be used as weapons or be part of chemical terrorism. As a result of the use of many of them, very toxic and harmful substances will spread. They affect the skin, respiratory system and eyes, causing irritation and serious consequences. Irritable breathing syndrome is also known as sneezing syndrome because its main symptom is frequent sneezing.