Palymnesia

Palimnesia (from the Greek words "pali" - again and "mnesis" - memory, recollection) is a rare mental disorder in which a person experiences the illusion of "déjà vu", that is, the feeling that he has already seen or experienced a given situation in the past.

With palimnesia, a person thinks that he can predict the course of events or knows what will happen next, although in fact he is encountering this situation for the first time. This feeling occurs due to a malfunction of memory - the brain mistakes new experiences for old memories.

Palimnesia is more common in some mental illnesses, such as epilepsy or schizophrenia. However, sometimes mentally healthy people also experience it. As a rule, such episodes do not last long and do not pose a threat. In rare cases, palimnesia can be a symptom of serious brain problems.

Palimnesia (palimpsest) [approx. 2] (Greek palimne̱sis [palìmne̯´sis]) - in epigraphy and paleography, the phenomenon of discovering under the text some ancient text, written in darker colors (until later), with traces of an earlier text. At the same time, depending on the preservation of the copied layer and its color, it is possible to recreate some details of early writing that are not distinguishable in the modern text. This phenomenon explains the preservation of significant fragments or entire libraries of papyrus from Ancient Egypt and the Etruscans, dating back to another era and previously buried under funerary deposits. Sometimes the records of neighboring burial rooms are also covered with palimpsemic layers. The term "palimpsest" is used in a very wide range, including Bible manuscripts, papyri, Greek and Zorin parchment manuscripts, various documents and letters. In some cases, the oldest layer was written on a lighter color or (in the case of the document) perhaps on a different material. Due to the possibility of errors in palimpsests, texts are read as fragments connected in a certain way, which must be re-analyzed, taking into account all the available data. As a result of this analysis, different interpretations of earlier texts can be identified. Even if the original text could be read, it is always possible that the original text has deficiencies in the quality or function of the writing, and the initial transcription process may not be practical. Although in later environments paleography provides some degree of greater accuracy of interpretation, palimpsestic texts still continue to play a significant role in the study of the history of writing and the development of paleology. Although the term refers primarily to texts in very poor condition, small pieces have been discovered and discovered that are particularly valuable for the study of ancient written text. They gave an idea of ​​more ancient writing, and also serve to study spellings of different times. It is also possible to recover spelling errors. Old manuscripts, even the best copies, sometimes contain indications of spelling errors. Even when misspellings of words occur in poorly preserved letters on early Christian papyrus, such errors are considered early in the localities, with the usual Latin spelling of the same elements allowing for the possibility that the same text, which was unreadable several decades later, corresponds to early letters the same source.