**Perinatal pathology** is the collective name for diseases, injuries and other damage that can be detected in a newborn child in the first days of life. This group includes conditions that arose during pregnancy, during childbirth, or in the first hours after the birth of the baby. They require mandatory treatment in a clinical setting due to the risk of children developing severe complications that are incompatible with life.
The formation of pathology of the perinatal period is based on many factors: first of all, we mean the state of health of the mother; features of the course of pregnancy; complications during childbirth; a number of child developmental defects; genetic factors; taking medications and many other reasons. The development of health problems in the newborn is often influenced by the presence of obstetric pathology. Moreover, the connection can be traced not only at the intrauterine stage, but also after childbirth, when trauma occurs at birth. In addition, severe birth injuries and hypoxia lead to underdevelopment of the child’s central nervous system, which has especially serious consequences. All acquired disorders must be diagnosed and corrected as early as possible, since all of them are potentially dangerous to the health and life of children. At the same time, in newborns, much is subsequently formed under the influence of completely random factors, for example,