Paula-Bunnellia Reaction

**Pauli-Bunell reaction** (English: Pauli-Bunell reaction) is a chemical transformation that results in the formation of products of the binding of two asymmetric nitrogen atoms to each other to form cyclic compounds. The first case of the formation of such compounds was described at the beginning of the 20th century. This reaction is named after two famous German scientists, János Paulus (1854–1953) and Otto Bunsen (1674–1709).

The essence of the reaction is that an asymmetric nitrogen atom connected to a Lewis acid is formed during rearrangement of the nucleus. This process involves the transfer of the N atom of the resulting symmetric amide from the reactant to the oxide anion, and the reaction of the amino group with the Lewis reagent to form a cyclic amino acid and an ammonium ion.

The phenomenon arose from Otto Laufleser's idea of ​​the formation of nitrogen pair bonds in amino acids, which was developed during the study of the Bunge-Pauli reaction, described below.

The Paul-Bunnell reaction, or PB reaction (PBR) for short, is a microbiological antibody test that is used to diagnose tuberculosis by examining urine. It was developed and popularized by surgeons Paul Baunnel and Joseph Paul and has become an important tool for the rapid detection of tuberculosis in the world, especially in developing countries.

Assessment of PBR consists of determining the presence of a complex of MBT antigens (i.e., mycobacterial antibodies). If MBT antigens are present, tuberculosis bacteria have a positive test; if not, then the test is negative.

When diagnosing TB, three degrees of PBR are distinguished: - Weak positive, if the number of antibodies exceeds the reference value, but the RLS value differs by more than one unit (for example: the percentage of positive results is about 60-80%). - Positive if more than 80% of antibodies are positive and RLS exceeds more than two units from

Introduction

The Paul-Buennelly reaction (PB) is a cellular reaction that produces hyphae and fruiting bodies of some mold species, such as Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus nidulans. This reaction is used in the diagnosis of mycoses and in research on antifungal drugs. This article will discuss the history of the discovery