Pericardial sinus Transverse

Transverse pericardial sinus: anatomical features and functions

The transverse pericardial sinus, also known as sinus transversus pericardii, is part of the pericardium, a two-layer membrane that surrounds the heart. The pericardium consists of an outer fibrous layer and an inner mucous layer, and between them there is a pericardial cavity filled with fluid.

The transverse pericardial sinus is an expansion of the pericardial cavity at the apex of the heart. It is located between the outer and inner layers of the pericardium and has the shape of a cone, the base of which is directed downward and backward, and the apex is directed upward and forward. The dimensions of the transverse pericardial sinus can vary depending on the position of the body and the physiological state of the heart.

The functions of the transverse pericardial sinus include participation in the regulation of blood circulation and protection of the heart from damage. The pericardial cavity contains a small amount of fluid, which serves to lubricate the surfaces of the outer and inner layers of the pericardium and prevent friction when the heart contracts. If the balance between the production and resorption of pericardial fluid is disturbed, pericarditis, an inflammatory disease of the pericardium, can develop.

In addition, the transverse pericardial sinus plays an important role in the regulation of blood circulation. It serves as a reservoir for excess blood volume, which can enter the pericardial cavity if the heart volume increases. This reduces the pressure inside the heart and reduces the load on the myocardium. In addition, the transverse pericardial sinus is also involved in the regulation of blood pressure by reducing resistance to blood flow in the apex of the heart.

In conclusion, the transverse pericardial sinus is an important structure that performs a number of functions related to regulating blood circulation and protecting the heart from damage. Understanding the anatomical features and functions of the transverse pericardial sinus will help doctors more effectively diagnose and treat diseases of the heart and pericardium.

The transverse sinus of the pericardium (sinus transversus pericardii, pna, bna, jna) is a cavity located behind the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk. It is bounded below by the diaphragm, in front by the posterior surface of the sternum, and behind by the bronchi and trachea.

The transverse sinus of the pericardium contains the descending aorta, azygos and semi-gyzygos veins, as well as lymphatic vessels and nerves. It is part of the fibrous sac surrounding the heart (pericardium). The transverse pericardial sinus plays an important role in preventing pericardial overstretch during cardiac systole.