Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy is a method of removing stones from the kidney using a nephroscope, which is inserted into the kidney through the surface of the skin after inserting a catheter into it.

This procedure is used to remove large kidney stones. After inserting the catheter through the skin into the kidney, a nephroscope is inserted through it - a thin tube with optics and instruments. This allows the surgeon to see the stones inside the kidney and remove them using special instruments.

Compared to other methods, percutaneous nephrolithotomy is less invasive and can remove stones of any size from all areas of the kidney. The risk of complications with this operation is low. The postoperative period usually proceeds smoothly and does not require a long hospital stay.

Thus, percutaneous nephrolithotomy is an effective method for treating large kidney stones, allowing one to preserve kidney function and avoid its removal.

Nephrolithotomy, or percutaneous nephrolithotomy, is one of the most effective methods for removing kidney stones. This method was developed in the 1960s and has since become one of the most common methods of treating urolithiasis.

Nephrolithotomy is performed using a special instrument called a nephroscope. This instrument is inserted into the patient's kidney through a small incision in the skin. Once the nephroscope is inserted into the kidney, the doctor can begin removing the stone.

One of the main advantages of nephrolitomy is that it allows you to remove a kidney stone without having to make a large incision in the skin or kidney. This means that there are no large scars or scars left after the operation.

In addition, nephrolitomy can be performed on an outpatient basis, which allows the patient to return to normal life within a few days after the operation.

However, like any other treatment method, nephrolitomy is not without some risks. For example, it is possible to develop infection or bleeding after surgery. In addition, some stones may be too large to be removed by nephrolithotomy.

In general, nephrolithotomy is an effective method for removing kidney stones and may be recommended for patients with kidney stones that cannot be removed by other methods.

Nephrostone is one of the most unpleasant and terrible human diseases. This disease causes the formation of kidney stones. Stones can block urine from leaving the body. This causes severe pain in the abdomen and back, leading to weakness and possible serious complications. In some cases, they even cause death.

Most often, nephrolithotomy treatment is used on patients whose urolith localization does not allow for conventional surgery. The clinical manifestations of infection in such people are very pronounced or the disease is complicated by other pathologies. Sometimes patients have anatomical contraindications. For example, the size of the stones exceeded 2-3 cm, and the presence of urinary tract obstruction makes it impossible to perform ureteroscopic surgery. Renal pelvis more than 1.5-2.5 cm in diameter can also be a reason for the use of nephrolitholapaxy for this type of intervention.

**Among the advantages and disadvantages of surgical treatment:**

***Advantages* No complex surgical incisions Less time spent on surgery Minimal tissue damage, which reduces the risk of blood loss or infectious complications Few days in the hospital Low cost of the intervention ***Disadvantages* Risk of damage to kidney vessels When the manipulation is performed very often hematuria and febrile temperature occur, radiation exposure, taking into account the minimally invasive technique. Nephrocalcinosis and other diseases, incl. chronic renal failure. They are relative contraindications to pephrolitholapax.