Pericardium

The pericardial sac (pericardial space) is a cavity bounded by the parietal and visceral layers of the pericardium, belonging to the pericardial spaces. The cavity of the sac contains the organs and tissues that make up the pericardial region (the heart with adjacent pericardial layers and vessels, the chest wall and corresponding structures). The walls of the pericardial sac are the pericardium, parietal and internal plates (there are lymph nodes in the sinus area in the walls of the sac). The sac is surrounded by costal and mediastinal fascia. Sometimes the pericardial sac opens and protrudes beyond the chest wall, forming a commissure connecting the lung with the mediastinum and the anterior wall of the vagina of the heart, as a result of which the organs of the chest cavity can be located in the pericardial sac.

During the development of the heart, the pericardial sac appears to be preserved inside it, which is manifested by rare inversions up and down, or by peculiarities of the position of the heart, which are associated with the protrusion of the pericardial sac through a defect in the anterior wall of the pericardium. Significant mobility of the pericardium is observed with a defect in its division and