Peripheral Nervous System

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It is a part of the nervous system that connects the central nervous system with the sensory organs and voluntary muscles. There are two different groups of nerves: cranial and spinal.

The cranial nerves are 12 pairs of nerves that arise from the brain and go to various organs of the head, with the exception of one that goes to the heart and abdominal cavity. These nerves perform sensory and/or motor functions.

The spinal nerves are 31 pairs of nerves that arise from the spinal cord and control the rest of the peripheral nervous system, as well as part of the autonomic nervous system. These mixed nerves originate in the gray matter of the spinal cord, which is located in the inner part of the brain and is surrounded by white matter.

The system of cranial and spinal nerves and nerve ganglia located along their course. The peripheral nervous system communicates the central nervous system with the skin, muscles and internal organs.

Peripheral nerves connecting the central nervous system with the skin, muscles, and tendons belong to the somatic nervous system.

The nerves connecting the central nervous system with internal organs, blood vessels, and glands belong to the autonomic nervous system.

Spinal peripheral nerves contain sensory and motor fibers. Sensitive nerve fibers begin from receptors that perceive irritations and convert them into nerve impulses.

Receptors along sensitive nerve fibers send information about the state of the environment and the body to the central nervous system. The motor nerve fibers carry signals sent by the central nervous system to the muscles, blood vessels, and organs.

Thanks to these signals, the central nervous system controls the body's reactions to external and internal stimuli.

Thus, the peripheral nervous system plays an important role in the functioning of the entire body, providing communication between the central nervous system and the periphery.