Pyelography, Urography

Pyelography, Urography - x-ray examination of the kidneys using a radiopaque substance. In the case of intravenous pyelography (or excretion urography), a contrast agent is injected into the patient’s vein, it accumulates and is excreted from the body by the kidneys (see Intravenous pyelogram). With retrograde pyelography, during cystoscopy, a thin catheter is inserted through the ureter into the patient's kidney, and a contrast agent is injected directly into the renal pelvis for further X-ray examination. The radiographs obtained during pyelography are called pyelograms.

Pyelography and Urography: X-ray examination of the kidneys

Pyelography and urography are methods of x-ray examination of the kidneys that provide information about the structure and function of the renal system using a radiopaque contrast agent. These procedures are important diagnostic tools for identifying various pathologies of the kidneys and urinary tract.

In intravenous pyelography, also known as excretory urography, a radiopaque contrast agent is injected into the patient's vein. After the administration of a contrast agent, it is distributed throughout the circulatory system and accumulates in the kidneys. Then, using an X-ray machine, a series of pictures are taken that allow you to visualize the anatomical structure of the kidneys, ureters and bladder. During the examination, various pathologies can be detected, such as kidney stones, tumors, inflammatory processes or structural abnormalities.

Retrograde pyelography is another option for x-ray examination of the kidneys. During a cystoscopy, which is performed using a flexible, thin instrument called a cystoscope, a catheter is inserted into the ureter. The contrast agent is then injected directly into the renal pelvis through a catheter. This method allows you to obtain more detailed images of the renal system and identify pathologies that may be difficult to see with intravenous pyelography.

The results of pyelography and urography are presented in the form of pyelograms, which are radiographs reflecting the condition of the kidneys and urinary tract. A radiologist analyzes the images to evaluate the size, shape, and function of the kidneys and to determine if there are any abnormalities or abnormalities.

Pyelography and urography are safe procedures but may be associated with some risks and complications associated with the administration of radiocontrast material and procedures performed during the examination. Therefore, the physician must carefully evaluate the indications and contraindications for pyelography or urography and take appropriate precautions.

In conclusion, pyelography and urography are important methods for radiographic examination of the renal system. They allow you to visualize the structure and function of the kidneys, identify various pathologies and help in making an accurate diagnosis. These procedures play an important role in clinical practice and help improve the health of patients with kidney and urinary tract diseases. However, before performing pyelography or urography, indications, contraindications and potential risks must be considered, and the decision to perform these studies should be made by the physician based on an individual assessment of each patient.

Pyelography and urography are radiographic examination methods that are used to study the anatomical and functional state of the kidneys. These methods use the introduction of radiopaque agents, such as iodine-containing drugs, into the human body. The X-ray image obtained after the injection of a contrast agent is called a pyelogram or urogram.

One of the main advantages of pyelography and urography is the ability to visualize and evaluate the condition of the renal structures, including the vessels, calyces, pelvis and renal tubules. This makes it possible to diagnose various kidney diseases such as nephrolithiasis, tumors and infection. In addition, pyelography can be used to determine the anatomical location of renal abnormalities, such as a double kidney or the absence of one kidney.

However, we should not forget that any radiation exposure can potentially harm human health. Therefore, before performing pyelography or urography, it is necessary to carry out a series of tests and examinations to ensure that this method is not contraindicated for a particular patient and will not cause any side effects.