Field of View Photopic

Photopic field of view or central vision is the sum of the different visual fields of the eye, which are determined by the field of vision of objects, that is, the range of brightness of a visible object that can be recognized and best seen when illuminated from the side. The central field of view covers a range of luminances from absolute white to absolute black. The black and white field of view corresponds to bright light and is part of the central field of view. The dark gray visual field refers to bright and clearly visible light and forms part of the peripheral visual field (the so-called active vision zone). Such visual fields are the prerogative of people with one hundred percent vision (whose light-sensitive cells in the retina are arranged symmetrically). A person with one hundred percent vision does not detect a vision threshold; he simply sees bright light or dark light on a clear day or at night, respectively, with an equivalent level of illumination. Semi-blind and blind people, deprived of the ability to perceive light as signal information, cannot, for example, answer the question of light on the street or night, perceiving the dim gray reflex of objects. Even the smallest fields of vision are associated with the reaction of the pupil, which is necessary when working as a driver of cars, ships, or when going through customs using night vision devices. There are several types of receptors in the human eye that are responsible for the perception of different colors and their shades. Photopic and non-photopic visual fields determine, respectively, their ranges of the highest illumination, corresponding to color discrimination in which the image is perceived clearly and uncompromisingly with the color discrimination of vision, and with the range of light boundaries of perception between shadow and diffuse light, vision poorly distinguishes colors, conveying them rather as shades of gray and light or dark.

Non-photopic field of vision or peripheral vision is the range of light perception by the eye, characterized by its extreme peripheral vision with a rapid loss of vigilance in the central parts of the visual field at the periphery, expressed in a decrease in contrast due to weakening of the clarity and sharpness of the visible image. The peripheral visual field is entirely responsible for the ability of the eyes to adapt to different conditions of the visual environment without completely losing the ability to distinguish contrasting objects. Borderline forces determine the so-called “lateral threshold,” that is, the threshold of vision in the dark, the light intensity at which the eye’s ability to see individual light sources ceases. And the ability to adapt to darkness is already determined by the presence of light and the sensitivity of the eyes to it (a person in a dark room, seeing the silhouette of a person standing at the entrance or dressing in the dark, since it does not affect the ability to perceive certain shades of light). There are central and peripheral vision in the literal sense. The central stream, passing through the center of the visual apparatus, performs the task of forming an image, itself is converted into an image, into a visual image, and its spectral ranges, called cones, provide perceived colors. The periphery of the visual process directs its rays reflected from objects - components of the spectrum - along these cardinal points. The peripheral visual field wraps around the periphery of the eye and sends the image towards the central part. Therefore, it is responsible for the direct meeting of the eye with light, directs the reflected light along different paths.