Poliomyelitis; Polio- + Greek. Myelos (Spinal) Brain + -It; Syn.: Heine

Poliomyelitis is an acute viral infection caused by polioma. More often it occurs in the form of an epidemic variant with a moderate onset and a cyclical process with damage to the nervous system. Clinically, poliomelia is manifested by an increase in temperature to 38-39 degrees, anorexia, intoxication, paresthesia, general weakness, headache, myalgia, myopathy, neuropathy. The disease begins after an incubation period ranging from several days to 4 weeks. Detoxification therapy, hyposen, is widely used in the treatment of the disease.

Poliomyelitis: An acute infectious disease affecting children

Poliomyelitis, also known as spinal palsy or polio, is an acute infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. This dangerous and destructive disease primarily affects the central nervous system, especially the anterior horns of the spinal cord, the membranes of the brain and spinal cord, and sometimes the lymphoid tissue of the digestive tract. Although polio affects people of all ages, it is more common in children.

The word polio comes from the Greek words polio, meaning gray, and myelos, meaning spinal cord. The term "poliomyelitis" reflects the major anatomical changes associated with the disease.

Poliovirus is transmitted primarily through the fecal-oral route, often through contaminated drinking water or food. The virus multiplies in the intestines and can then spread throughout the body through the blood. Most people infected with poliovirus do not show any symptoms and recover without complications. However, in some people the virus attacks nerve cells, which can lead to varying degrees of paralysis.

Symptoms of polio include fever, headache, throat, muscle and abdominal pain, vomiting, fatigue and stiffness in the neck and back. In severe cases, the virus can cause paralysis, most often affecting the legs. The paralysis can be temporary or permanent, and in some cases it can cause the legs and arms to become completely immobile.

Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent polio. Thanks to global vaccination campaigns led by the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of polio cases has dropped significantly. Countries around the world are working towards eradicating polio through mass vaccination of children.

Hygiene measures such as regular hand washing with soap and using clean drinking water must also be followed to prevent the spread of the virus. It is important to pay attention to any symptoms of polio and contact a medical professional immediately for diagnosis and treatment.

Polio remains a serious public health problem, especially in some regions with limited access to vaccination and medical care. Therefore, continued global efforts on vaccination, monitoring and preventive measures are critical to prevent the spread of polio and protect children from this dangerous disease.

In conclusion, polio, or spinal palsy, poses a serious threat to the health of children. It is caused by poliovirus and can cause paralysis and disability. Vaccination and hygiene measures are key strategies in the fight against polio. Global efforts to eradicate polio continue, and it is important to support preventive measures and vaccination programs to protect children from this dangerous disease and ensure their health and well-being.

Today we will talk about the disease “Polio”. Poliomyelitis (lat. poliomyelītis - groove on the spinal cord, a neurological disorder caused by one of the three polio viruses) is a severe infectious disease with predominant damage to the structures of the nervous system (mainly the anterior gray matter of the spinal cord and, less commonly, the medulla oblongata and midbrain).

The disease is included in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD 11), and in the WHO ICD since 2017 it has code G03, for which a disability group can be assigned.

The cause of the disease is unknown; Infectious agents are grouped into three types. Since vaccination against the first two types of polyoma has become widespread, over the past twenty years most cases of infection have been accounted for by the third, wild (or wild-type) type, which circulates extremely rarely outside Africa. It is characterized by outbreaks of the disease among contacts and the familial nature of post-contact infections. Usually only vaccination against the third type is carried out. The first two types of polyoma have been eliminated from many countries around the world; In the Russian Federation, vaccination for them has been prohibited since 1974 due to the introduction of three types of vaccines into circulation. In Asia, however, “things worse” than the polio virus have already been registered, namely a mutant of the type I virus, which is more virulent and resistant to the human immune system. One of the three main species of polio is the wild one, which causes 90-98% of epidemics, the other two (the other two species) are Sabin SA14 (currently widely used) and Sabin S928 (second only to Sabin SA14 in use). Vaccination with the two main vaccines causes a lack of wild type (wild) type immunity. Polio vaccines are given the international name OPV (oral polio vaccine), and the two main vaccines, the first 2 types and the wild type, have the same name in every jurisdiction. Other serums and plasmas come from the third type of virus (the basis of the third serum).