Porocephalesis

The concept of a developmental defect, a defect in a person

Developmental defects in humans are congenital changes in any organ or part of the body. If a part of an organ or the entire body does not fully perform its functions, then this condition is called a defect associated with an organ defect. Such defects are very diverse, from changes in the size and shape of an organ to the partial absence of its parts and dysfunction.

Brief overview of the main organ defects

1. Heart defects

Heart defects are associated with the formation of defects in the septum of the heart, the right or left parts, and the valve apparatus (if underdeveloped or absent). They are divided depending on the nature of the changes.

– Simple - with expansion of one part of the heart (atrium or ventricle) or lack of general blood circulation.

**They are divided:** - _**Membranous** (open foramen ovale, non-closure of the foramen botallus)_. - Accompanied by shunting of blood from the right to the left atrium and, as a consequence, discharge of venous blood from the systemic circulation to the pulmonary circulation, hypovolemia and increased oxygen flow (oxygen starvation). Possible cyanosis. - **Anomalies of heart position** - False fourth (or gap) between the heart and the aorta, as a result of which the heart deviates to the right, lower (compared to the right border of the sternum) abdominal end of the left ventricle,