Post-Radiation Effects

Post-radiation exposure is the effect of ionizing radiation on humans, which often leads to irreversible consequences.

Ionizing radiation is any radiation that leads to the ionization of atoms that make up substances, resulting in the formation of positively charged particles - electrons or holes. To understand how radiation works, let's take a closer look at what happens to particles when they absorb energy.

The process consists of 5 stages:

- energy absorption; - excitement;

Transmitting energy, nuclei or electrons in a state of excitation have the ability to move in the crystal lattice from the depths into the substance, where the bond is stronger. This causes additional particles to accumulate around them, forming a single system of internal electrons. The result is positive or negative free groups of atoms. Free groups behave like fast moving electrons. They are called positive (protons) and negative.

- channeling;

If a particle has low energy, it can easily leave the layer of atoms of the crystal lattice, except in the case when another atom from neighboring regions is removed along with it. Such atoms can also escape from the crystal. If there are free vacancies in the crystal, then the particles can penetrate into the adjacent layer, despite the presence of additional atoms in the crystals. A positive result (preferred direction) is the penetration of the particle into the adjacent atomic layer. Approximate for an electron that ended up in someone else's nuclear compartment. Its behavior is affected by forces from electrons on ions and the ions themselves. Repulsive forces in a cell

**Post-radiation effects** are morphological and functional disorders that develop in the body due to the influence of ionized rays on it. Research in recent decades has convincingly proven that the effects of radiation are as diverse and comprehensive as the sources that produce it.

The high concentration of radiation in the radiation zone harmed the earth's biosphere, and the human body was among the first to suffer. Numerous tests do not allow us to give even an approximate forecast of the relationship between radiation, carcinogenic and immunosuppressive syndromes with damage to the immune system and genetic homeostasis. Any ideas about dose levels and state limits remain speculative and unfounded due to the lack of clinical observations under conditions close to real ones.

A single or multiple, but complex total effect of any type of radiation is a highly reliable and unlikely fact. The distortion of entropy in kinetic reactions of metabolism and elementary biological reactions collapses the spatiotemporal nature of the laws of thermodynamics. Each transformation reaction releases the same portion of energy released from the outside. As the flux of radioactive radiation increases, a negative energy balance begins to predominate, and the processes of disorganization of substances intensify. At the same time, in the processes of rearrangement of the actinoid conformation of toxic radiation-activated proteins, the number of DNA molecules damaged by radicals increases. Increasingly, nucleic acid base pairs are broken, accompanied by disruption of their supramolecular structure and breakage of DNA and RNA chains. These morphofunctional disorders are found not only at the sites of initial exposure, but also in many other tissues.