Wallace's Rule of Nines

Wallace rule of nine (English: Wallace rule for nine; W rule) - a rule for determining the maximum permissible number of repeated radiation sessions in patients undergoing radiation therapy for malignant tumors. Named after the British surgeon Bertram Guthrie Wallace, who first described this phenomenon. Abroad it is known as the “nine” limit. Until 2019, it was believed to be universal, but now many sources indicate its limitations. In August 2020, a group of scientists from universities in Sweden, Canada and the United States reported that Wallace's rule of nine is indeed universal. They found that in Scandinavian countries there is hypersensitivity to radiation (

**_Wallace's rule of nines_** _,_ describing the principle of ligation of blood vessels near a surgical wound, named after A. B. Wallace, an English surgeon.

A.B. Wallace was an outstanding physician of the 19th century who went down in the history of medicine as the creator of surgical gloves and as the inventor of the method of ligating blood vessels of the extremities.

There was a time when entire limbs were amputated to save a patient’s life. Walzas developed a new method that made it possible to stop the use of limb amputation in medicine. He used blood circulation to prevent infection from entering. This was revolutionary for medicine, because previously amputation was considered the only method of saving limbs and preserving life.

The Wallace method is an original modification of arterial ligation; The principle of operation of this method is based on the narrowing of the arteries at the distal end. As a result, a potential column of air forms in front of the pulse, and then air escapes and bleeding occurs from the ends of the vessels. This method is known as the “rule of nine.”

It is based on several actions of the doctor: - applying a tourniquet after removing a limb; - cutting off an artery; - wound drainage. A tourniquet is applied to isolate arteries and veins from bleeding in the absence of an aneurysm in the affected part of the tissue. The doctor then cuts off the artery and applies a bandage. In the absence of the necessary dressing, a ligature (wire) is placed on the vessel, which is tightened