Prostaglandin

Prostaglandins: Role and functions in the body

Introduction:
Prostaglandins are a group of biologically active substances that play an important role in various physiological processes of the body. The name "prostaglandins" comes from the words "prostate" (prostata) and "gland" (glandula), as they were first discovered in the prostate gland of men. Prostaglandins are widely distributed in many tissues and organs of the body and perform a variety of functions, including the regulation of inflammatory and immune processes, control of vascular tone and participation in the reproductive system.

Synthesis and classification:
Prostaglandins are metabolic products of membrane phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine. These substances are synthesized in many cells of the body, including epithelial, endothelial and immune cells. Prostaglandins are classified based on structure and function. The most well-known representatives are prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α).

Regulation of inflammation and immune processes:
Prostaglandins play an important role in the regulation of inflammatory and immune processes. Some prostaglandins, such as PGE2, have anti-inflammatory properties and can reduce the intensity of the inflammatory response. They influence various cells of the immune system, such as leukotrienes, cytokines and phagocytes, and can control the body's immune response to infection and injury.

Regulation of vascular tone:
Prostaglandins also play an important role in the regulation of vascular tone and blood circulation. Some prostaglandins, such as PGE2 and PGF2α, can cause vascular dilation or constriction depending on the type of receptors to which they bind. This allows them to control blood flow in various organs and tissues, maintaining optimal levels of oxygenation and nutrition.

Participation in the reproductive system:
Prostaglandins play an important role in the reproductive system, especially in women. During the menstrual cycle, they participate in the contraction of the uterus and cause vasoconstriction in the endometrium, which leads to shedding of the uterine lining. In addition, prostaglandins can influence folliculogenesis, ovulation and embryo implantation.

Clinical applications:
Prostaglandins have a wide range of clinical applications. Some of them are used in medicine to treat various conditions. For example, drugs containing prostaglandin E1 (alprostadil) may be used to induce labor in pregnant women or to treat pulmonary artery hypertension. Prostaglandins are also used in gynecology to relieve menstrual problems such as painful periods and endometriosis.

Conclusion:
Prostaglandins are an important group of biologically active substances that play a role in the regulation of various physiological processes in the body. They are involved in the regulation of inflammatory and immune processes, control of vascular tone and regulation of the reproductive system. The clinical applications of prostaglandins are wide ranging and cover various areas of medicine. Further research and development in this area may lead to new therapeutic options and improved understanding of the role of prostaglandins in the body.

In physiology, February 7 is the day of presentation of preclinical results of the laboratory study "Prostaglandin J2 in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood of patients with Parkinson's disease"

/ Journal of Clinical Neuroscience (J Clin Neurosci) 2023 - Volume 117: p 433-439

Prostaglandins are a group of metabolites formed during lipid metabolism in the body. Prostaglandins are involved in the development of certain diseases. Also, prostandlin (PGJ2) is involved in signal transmission through the central nervous system (CNS). This is stated in a scientific review published by the scientific publications The Journal of Clinical Neurology (China) and Science Daily (USA).

The study authors talked about the relationship between prostacyclin levels and the development of Parkinson's disease. In particular, changes in the expression of cyclooxygenase enzymes disrupt neuroregulation and the transmission of nerve impulses. Therefore, to prevent the development of parkinsonism in old age, it is necessary to normalize the level of prostacyclin before the onset of disruption of neurochemical reactions.

Detection of prostacinclin together with NMO promotes normal neuronal growth, improves central nervous system function and prevents the development of disorders,