Pseudohypertrophy

Pseudohypertrophy is a muscle disease in which an increase in muscle volume occurs, not accompanied by an increase in their strength.

Pseudohypertrophy occurs due to disruption of the normal structure of muscle fibers and their partial replacement with fat and connective tissue. This leads to thickening of the muscles and an increase in their volume, but does not improve their functioning.

Most often, pseudohypertrophy affects the muscles of the pelvic girdle and shoulder girdle - the gluteal, femoral, deltoid and calf muscles.

The cause of pseudohypertrophy is genetic disorders leading to a lack of dystrophin protein in muscle cells. This disease is usually inherited and appears in childhood or adolescence.

The main symptoms of pseudohypertrophy are an increase in muscle volume while maintaining or decreasing their strength, gait disturbance, frequent falls and difficulty climbing stairs and getting up from the floor.

For diagnosis, a creatine phosphokinase test, EMG, MRI and muscle biopsy are performed. Treatment of pseudohypertrophy consists of physiotherapy, exercise therapy, massage and steroids. The prognosis for this disease is usually unfavorable, as it progresses and leads to disability.

**Pseudohypertrophy** is a compensatory change in muscle volume due to an increase in cross-sectional area with a decrease in their mass and motor function (in contrast to true hypertrophy - an increase in skeletal muscle mass and volume due to intramuscular septa).

Pseudohytrophy is a dysplasia of an organ or tissue, its morphological characteristics are identical to hypertrophy, but due to the factor of origin, it occurs with other nutritional disorders.

Pathological anatomy registers the state of hypertrophied myocardium as a disease, and pseudohytrophic myocarditis as a pathological process of a different nature, which is exclusively reversible.

Pseudohytrophy is considered as a result of a compensatory increase in the size of an organ following overload and a deficiency of its blood supply. The condition is caused by the development of metabolic and ischemic disorders, when the size of the organ grows rapidly, significantly exceeding the physiological norm. The causes of the pathology are very different: inflammatory, ischemic, toxic, autoimmune, degenerative-dystrophic diseases