Pupillotonia

Pupillotonia is an unusual condition of the pupil characterized by abnormal contraction and dilation.

The term comes from the Latin "pupilla" - pupil and the Greek "tonos" - tension. Literally it means "pupil tension."

With pupillotonia, a spontaneous change in pupil size, not related to lighting or accommodation, is observed. The pupil may either narrow or expand for no apparent reason. This occurs due to a violation of the innervation of the muscles that regulate the diameter of the pupil.

Pupillotonia can be a symptom of a number of neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, Adi syndrome, Parkinson's disease. Diagnosis is based on monitoring the dynamics of the pupil. Treatment depends on the cause and is aimed at the underlying disease.

Pupillophonia is an involuntary contraction of the eyelid muscle (blinking). This disease cannot be accurately determined - there are two reasons for its occurrence. This is paralysis of the facial nerve and contraction of the eye muscles (reaction to motor memory). If in a healthy state blinking occurs reflexively, then when a disease appears, it occurs automatically.