Costo-Transverse Hole

Costotransverse foramen: what is it and how does it function?

The costotransverse foramen, also known as the foramen costotransversarium or PNA/BNA/JNA, is an opening in the transverse process of a vertebra through which blood vessels and nerves pass. These holes are found on each vertebra of the thoracic spine.

The functions of the costotransverse foramina include protecting the vessels and nerves passing through them, as well as providing communication between the transverse process of the vertebra and the rib. In addition, they help keep the rib in the correct position and prevent it from moving during movement.

The costotransverse foramina can be affected by various diseases, such as osteochondrosis, herniated intervertebral discs, tumors and others. These diseases can cause severe pain and sensory disturbances in the affected areas of the body.

Some treatments include conservative measures such as exercise and physical therapy, as well as medications to reduce inflammation and pain. In more severe cases, surgery may be required to remove the tumor or repair damaged tissue.

In conclusion, the costotransverse foramen is an important structure in the spine that provides protection to the vessels and nerves passing through them, as well as providing communication between the transverse process of the vertebra and the rib. If you have problems with this structure, it is important to consult a specialist for diagnosis and treatment.

The costal transverse hole is a small gap in the ribs, in the area where they connect with the shoulder blade. This opening is located along the back of the pelvis, namely on the left and right sides, and is one of the nine allonative openings that form the anterior wall of the pelvic floor. In addition, in the body of the scapula