Reflex Monosynaptic

One of the most important physiological properties of the central nervous system is reflex activity. Without reflex activity, not a single form of mental activity can exist. Without one recessive reflex, the highest level of development of behavior in highly developed organisms is impossible. These provisions remain fully relevant in our time, since all nervous activity in a living organism from the cellular level to the whole organism is subordinated to the activity of one nervous system. The division of unconditioned reflexes into groups according to their physiological mechanism reflects the most important mechanisms that they implement in the nervous system. They are essentially the main functional formations that regulate the activities of various parts and structures of the body. Unconditioned reflexes reflect the harmonious and clear interactions of numerous substructures - individual nerve cells, groups of nerve centers, nerve fibers and other organs of the nervous system - in a clearly defined sequence of parts of a single central mechanism. This system of mechanisms determines the emergence of a certain qualitative characteristic in a multicellular organism - a reflex function, which determines the form of the living process. All reflexes are uniquely carried out by certain nerve centers. Neuroscientists have long established that every

The reflex is monosipathic.

*Monosympathetic reflex* is an innate reaction of the body to the influence of the external environment for the purpose of self-regulation. It occurs when stimuli act on sensory receptors, and the impulse is transmitted along an extended reflex arc - the motor neuron of the accessory nerve nucleus, the alpha motor neuron of the spinal cord, the intramuscular motor fiber and fibers into the muscle. Features of the monosypathic reflex are a short period of excitation of the motor neuron, a high degree of coordination and continuity of movements. Performs many functions leading to an increase in the level of metabolism, adaptation, increased excitability of nerve centers and restoration of the body in pathological conditions, insufficient functional or structural activity of organs, which is clinically manifested, for example, by a decrease in muscle tone in the extremities in inflammatory diseases and rickets, cardiac arrhythmias contractions and breathing, extrasystole.

History of discovery. For the first time, _monoschatic reflexes_ were identified and studied by the Russian physiologist Ivan Sechenov and his student Professor Nikolai Engelhardt in the 50s of the 19th century. The cerebellum, according to early scientific research, belongs to the organs of spatial orientation and the “flight” of birds is the result of balancing cerebellar processes. The assumption of a connection between the cerebellum and muscle tone was made by the French physician Théophile Beauregard (1871), Canadian professor James Adams (1901), and American scientist D. Laborie (1915). The study of the role of the cerebellum in the regulation of tone was continued: for example, M. Romanovsky (1941) established that disruption of the regulation of muscle tone occurs when the anterior sections of the cerebellar vermis are damaged. The reflex significance of the cerebellum developed thanks to the teachings of Ivan Pavlov, who developed a system of reflexes - standing up, lowering the shoulder, straightening the leg and others, associated with the central motor layers of the spinal cord and brain and underlying the coordination of motor acts, coordination subordinate to connections. The experiments of Ivan Pavlov made it possible to see how the cerebellum, with the participation of other structures of the spinal cord, pons and medulla oblongata, takes part in ensuring stato-kinetic function. In the act of walking, coordination of movement is ensured with the participation of cortical and subcortical structures: the frontal lobe is involved in the regulation of coordinated movements by articulation, the coordinating component of the formation of the motor phase of articulation in the decision-making phase. The posterior sections of the median formations provide redistribution of asymmetry