Refraction

Refraction is the refraction of light rays when passing from one transparent medium to another with different optical densities. Light rays are deflected upon entering the eye and pass through the cornea, chamber fluid, lens, vitreous body and are focused on the retina, where image perception occurs.

Refractive errors can be caused by various factors, such as defects in the refractive environment of the eye, changes in the shape of the eyeball, or the presence of various diseases. Some of the most common refractive errors include nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism.

To determine the degree of refraction of the eyes, a special device is used - a refractometer. It allows you to determine the optical power of the eye and select the right glasses or contact lenses that will help correct refractive error.

Refractive errors are ophthalmological diseases that arise as a result of improper functioning of the refractive elements of the eye - the optical media, due to which light waves from the light source do not reach the retina of the required size and brightness. Therefore, the central fovea of ​​the eye remains without photoreceptors, a dark spot appears, and the surrounding retina liquefies. It is also good if the anomaly of myopia is not pronounced, and only the outer half of the retina suffers - 80% of the rods of the ocular cortex remain without pathological changes. In the opposite case, 150% of this tissue is pathologically affected. After all, this is where the neurons that perceive light are located