Fertility Rate, Birth Rate

Fertility Rate (Birth Rate) is the number of newborns born annually per 1,000 women of childbearing age (usually 15 to 44 years). Less valuable information characterizing fertility can be obtained based on the live birth rate - the number of newborns per 1000 population or natural increase - the excess of the number of living newborns over the dead. Less commonly, to determine fertility, one turns to the gross reproduction rate - the rate at which the female population of childbearing age reproduces itself, or to the true reproduction rate, which takes into account mortality among women of childbearing age.

Other ways to estimate fertility are using the marital birth rate, which takes into account the number of births per 1,000 married women aged 16 to 44, and the illegitimate birth rate, which takes into account the number of illegitimate children per 1,000 unmarried women and widows aged 15 to 44 years.

Fertility is a statistical indicator that reflects the number of newborn children per certain population group. This indicator is usually expressed as the number of newborns per 1000 women of childbearing age during one year. Women of childbearing age are women aged 15 to 44 years.

The number of newborns is an important indicator of the demographic situation in the country, as it determines the dynamics of the population. High birth rates can lead to rapid population growth, which can put social and economic pressures. Low fertility, on the contrary, can lead to an aging population and a shrinking labor force.

Equally important is the birth rate or live birth rate, which reflects the number of newborns per 1000 of the general population. This indicator is less accurate because it does not take into account the age structure of the population.

Another indicator of fertility - natural increase or natural increase - is defined as the difference between the number of living newborns and the number of deaths per 1000 population. This indicator takes into account not only the birth rate, but also the death rate in the country.

The volumetric reproduction rate or gross reproduction rate shows how many children are born to one woman on average during her life. This indicator takes into account only women of childbearing age and does not take into account mortality.

The true reproduction rate or net reproduction rate takes into account not only the birth rate, but also the death rate of women of childbearing age. This indicator shows how many children are born to one woman on average during her lifetime, taking into account the likelihood of her dying during her reproductive years.

The marital fertility rate or legitimate birth rate reflects the number of newborns per 1000 married women aged 16 to 44 years. This indicator takes into account only children born in marriage.

The illegitimate birth rate reflects the number of illegitimate children born per 1,000 unmarried women and widows aged 15 to 44 years. This indicator reflects the proportion of children born out of wedlock.

In general, fertility is an important indicator for assessing the demographic situation in a country. It can be used to predict the future population, plan social policies and assess the economic potential of a country.

Fertility is one of the most important indicators of population health, as a high birth rate can indicate health problems, such as a lack of medical care or inadequate access to contraception. In this article, we'll look at what fertility is and how to measure it.

Fertility is a demographic indicator that describes the number of babies born to women in a given year. Various indicators are used to measure fertility. One of the most common indicators is the fertility rate, which is equal to the number of births over a certain period of time (for example, a year) per 1,000