Parathyroid Glands

The parathyroid glands are endocrine glands that are actively involved in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body. They are located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland and are two pairs of small rounded yellowish formations.

The main function of the parathyroid glands is to produce parathyroid hormone, a biologically active substance that controls the level of calcium and phosphorus in the blood. When there is a lack of calcium in the body, parathyroid hormone stimulates its release from the bones, which leads to an increase in serum calcium levels and a decrease in phosphorus levels.

When there is excess calcium in the blood, parathyroid hormone causes it to be excreted from the body through the kidneys and also stimulates the absorption of calcium in the intestines. As a result, the level of calcium in the blood decreases and phosphorus levels increase.

Decreased calcium levels in the blood can lead to various diseases such as osteoporosis, muscle cramps and even heart rhythm problems. Therefore, it is very important to maintain normal levels of calcium in the body, and this is achieved through proper nutrition and regular intake of calcium supplements.

In addition, the parathyroid glands are involved in other processes related to metabolism, such as regulating the acid-base balance in the body and controlling the level of thyroid hormones.