Sphincter of the Anus External

External anal sphincter: anatomy and functions

The external anal sphincter is one of the important structures that provides control over the process of defecation in humans. It is a circular muscle surrounding the anus and plays a key role in regulating the release of feces from the rectum.

Anatomical aspect:
The external anal sphincter is located directly under the mucous membrane of the anus. It consists of a plexus of muscles that surround the anus and form a ring structure. The external anal sphincter can be divided into three sections: anterior, posterior and lateral.

Functions:
The external anal sphincter plays an important role in maintaining the continuity of feces and gases. It controls the process of excretion of feces from the rectum, allowing a person to retain or release the contents of the intestines as he wishes. When the external anal sphincter contracts, it creates a tight seal around the anus, preventing unwanted passage of feces. At the same time, when the external anal sphincter relaxes, the anus opens for the passage of feces and gases.

The external anal sphincter is controlled by the nervous system. Volitional control of the sphincter is provided by nerves passing through the spinal cord and sacral nerves. In addition, the external anal sphincter is influenced by the automatic nervous system, which regulates its tone and controls muscle contractions.

Disorders and dysfunctions:
Impaired function of the external anal sphincter can lead to various problems related to the control of bowel movements. Uncontrolled or abnormal stool production may occur as a result of a weakened or damaged sphincter. This can occur due to various reasons, such as childbirth, injury, surgery or nerve diseases.

Treatment for external anal sphincter disorders depends on the specific problem and may include conservative methods, physical therapy, or surgery. In some cases, muscle repair or sphincter reconstruction techniques may be used to restore sphincter function.

In conclusion, the external anal sphincter plays an important role in controlling bowel movements. Its anatomy and functions allow a person to control the release of stool and gases, ensuring continuation and preventing unwanted discharge. Disorders of this sphincter can affect quality of life and require appropriate treatment to restore its function.

*The external anal sphincter (lat. Sphincter anus externus) is the internal muscular layer of the anus, which consists of two longitudinal and two transverse muscles surrounding it and having a total of 3-4 floors, like the intestines. They hold varying amounts of stool inside the intestines.*